Luteolin downregulates TLR4, TLR5, NF-κB and p-p38MAPK expression, upregulates the p-ERK expression, and protects rat brains against focal ischemia

Magnolol protects neurons against ischemia injury via the downregulation of p38/MAPK, CHOP and nitrotyrosine

“…The Akt/NF-kB pathway and its downstream effectors are key players in preventing apoptosis and are necessary for neuron cell survival (Blume-Jensen et al, 1998). It has been suggested that oxidative stress and Akt act in concert to modulate NF-kB activity, which then determines cell survival or death after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (Qiao et al, 2012;Cross et al, 1995;Song et al, 2007). Regulation of Akt activation is controlled to a significant degree by the level of excess ROS (Song et al, 2007;Rojo et al, 2004).…”

Toll-like Receptors in the Vascular System: Sensing the Dangers Within

“…Nonetheless, TLR5 has been implicated in neuroinflammation postischemia. The anti-inflammatory agent luteolin protected the brain from the ischemic damage through downregulation of TLR5 (and TLR4) (Qiao et al, 2012).…”

A Novel Hydrogen Sulfide-releasing N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist Prevents Ischemic Neuronal Death

“…9). These results suggest that anti-apoptotic effects of S-memantine may be mediated by attenuation of ERK-dephosphorylation (26,27).…”