Lupinosis: Response of Sheep to Different Doses of Phomopsin

Abstract

Summary. Phomopsin, tbe mycotoxin produced by Phoniopsis teptosiroiniformis, was found to bave a very bigh toxicity for sbeep. When administered as a single, subcutaneous injection over the dose range 1 25 to 98 A^g/kg body weigbt, all sheep given 37 5 «g/kg or more died. Some, tboiigh not all. died following lower doses, Ihe minimum lethal dose being 10 A'g/kg. The time course of hepatic response over 21 days after phomopsin adminisiration was followed by plasma biochemical analyses including those for some enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, 7-glutamyl transpeptidase. aspartale aniinoiransferase and alkaline pbosphatase). total bilirubin and the determination of bromosulphopbthalein clearance rates. Hepatobiliary impairment was apparent after all dosages of 2.5 Mg/kg and above wbile 1.25 Mg/kg approximated the 'no effecl' level.

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of phomopsins in feed and food

“…or greater died within 3-5 days, 67 % (4 out of 6) of sheep receiving 10 to 37.5 μg phomopsins/kg b.w. The LD 50 determined here following a single s.c. injection was similar to that estimated by Jago et al (1982). or less survived.…”

“…It was suggested that the LD 50 was close to 20 μg phomopsin/kg b.w. Their estimated LD 50 following s.c. injection was about half that estimated by Jago et al (1982) and determined by Allen (1985), but was within the 95 % confidence limits of that determined by Allen (1985). or greater.…”

“…A summary of the reports by Gardiner (1961Gardiner ( , 1965Gardiner ( , 1967aGardiner ( , 1975, Parr (1967), van Warmello et al (1970), Allen (1978), Allen and Nottle (1979), Jago et al (1982), Peterson et al (1987), Allen (1989), Allen and Randall (1993) and Allen and Cousins (1998) is presented here. A summary of the reports by Gardiner (1961Gardiner ( , 1965Gardiner ( , 1967aGardiner ( , 1975, Parr (1967), van Warmello et al (1970), Allen (1978), Allen and Nottle (1979), Jago et al (1982), Peterson et al (1987), Allen (1989), Allen and Randall (1993) and Allen and Cousins (1998) is presented here.…”

“…Jago et al (1982) attempted to determine the no observed effect dose of phomopsins in sheep following a single s.c. injection. Jago et al (1982) attempted to determine the no observed effect dose of phomopsins in sheep following a single s.c. injection.…”

Antimicrobial effect of human milk on Bordetella pertussis

“…The bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of milk have been of interest to clinicians and microbiologists for a long time. Secretory immunoglobulin A (slgA) is generally considered to be the main host defence component of human milk although several other milk constituents have been discovered which possess antibacterial activities including lysozyme [1,2], lactoferrin [3] and the lactoperoxidase system [4][5][6]. Investigations of these non-antibody defences have concentrated on their contribution to the protection of the suckling infant gut and they have been shown to be active against a wide range of bacteria, including many enteric pathogens [7][8][9].…”