Lung cancer, stomach cancer, and smoking status among coal miners. A preliminary test of a hypothesis.

Ames, Richard; Gamble, John F.

doi:10.5271/sjweh.2391

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast to lung cancer, epidemiologic studies have revealed a higher-than-normal incidence of mortality from gastric cancer in coal miners compared to that in nonminers (69)(70)(71). A significant relationship between cumulative dust exposure and increased mortality from cancers of the digestive system was also evident from these studies.…”

Section: Lung Cancer In Coal Minerssupporting

confidence: 48%

Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Castranova

Vallyathan

2000

Environ Health Perspect

305

176

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Exposure to coal mine dust and/or crystalline silica results in pneumoconiosis with initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This review presents characteristics of simple and complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) as well as pathologic indices of acute and chronic silicosis by summarizing results of in vitro, animal, and human investigations. These results support four basic mechanisms in the etiology of CWP and silicosis: a) direct cytotoxicity of coal dust or silica, resulting in lung cell damage, release of lipases and proteases, and eventual lung scarring; b) activation of oxidant production by pulmonary phagocytes, which overwhelms the antioxidant defenses and leads to lipid peroxidation, protein nitrosation, cell injury, and lung scarring; c) activation of mediator release from alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, which leads to recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive species and in further lung injury and scarring; o) secretion of growth factors from alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, stimulating fibroblast proliferation and eventual scarring. Results of in vitro and animal studies provide a basis for proposing these mechanisms for the initiation and progression of pneumoconiosis. Data obtained from exposed workers lend support to these mechanisms.

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Section: Lung Cancer In Coal Minerssupporting

confidence: 48%

Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Castranova

Vallyathan

2000

Environ Health Perspect

305

176

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“…Elevated lung cancer risks among coal miners were also observed in other case-control studies [eg (9)], although results did not reach the level of statistical significance in all these studies (11). By contrast, a hospital-based case-control study found no excess lung cancer risk among Dutch coal miners (12) in line with a case-control study nested into four industrial cohorts (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Since then, epidemiological studies have reported mixed results on lung cancer among coal miners (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), with extended follow-ups of cohort studies among British and US coal miners recently suggesting a positive association. However, exposure-specific results for coal dust and silica were not coherent between the two studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer among coal miners, ore miners and quarrymen: smoking-adjusted risk estimates from the synergy pooled analysis of case–control studies

Taeger

Pesch

Kendzia

et al. 2015

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Numerous authors explored the relationship between the exposure to dust in coal mines and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the stomach and the digestive system, respectively. The increased mortality risk of stomach cancer was reported by most of the authors, but the increase was not statistically significant [5,9,10,12,21]. The study of Miller et al investigated another large cohort consisting of British coal miners [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in Miners with Coal-Workers’ Pneumoconiosis in the Czech Republic in the Period 1992–2013

Tomášková

Šplíchalová

Šlachtová

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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While working underground, miners are exposed to a number of risk factors that have a negative impact on their health and may be a cause of an increased mortality in miners. The aim of the study was to compare total and specific mortality in black coal miners with acknowledged coal-workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) and without CWP, and the mortality of the general male population in the Czech Republic in the period 1992–2013. The sample consisted of 3476 coal miners with CWP and 6687 ex-coal miners without CWP, who were removed after achieving the maximum permissible exposure (MPE). The mortality risk differences were analyzed with the use of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 95% confidence interval. Significantly higher total mortality (SMR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02–1.17), and mortality from malignant neoplasm (SMR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03–1.30), lung cancers (SMR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.41–2.04), and non-malignant respiratory diseases (SMR = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.32–3.31) were found in the sample of coal miners with CWP. In this sample, the severity of CWP was assessed, and the SMR increased with the severity of CWP. The total (SMR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.82–0.91) and specific mortality of miners without CWP were not higher compared with the general population. In the case where the miners were removed from underground work after achieving the MPE (without CWP), their mortality was not higher than that of the general population, but the mortality of miners with CWP was higher compared to the general population. This mortality was affected by malignant and non-malignant respiratory diseases.

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Lung cancer, stomach cancer, and smoking status among coal miners. A preliminary test of a hypothesis.

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Lung cancer among coal miners, ore miners and quarrymen: smoking-adjusted risk estimates from the synergy pooled analysis of case–control studies

Mortality in Miners with Coal-Workers’ Pneumoconiosis in the Czech Republic in the Period 1992–2013

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