Lung Cancer Risk due to Exposure to Incorporated Plutonium

Koshurnikova, N.A.; Bolotnikova, Marina G.; Ilyin, L.A.; Keirim-Markus, I.B.; Menshikh, Zoya S.; Okatenko, P.V.; Романов, С. А.; Tsvetkov, V. I.; Shilnikova, Natalia S.

doi:10.2307/3579699

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Excess rates of lung, bone, and liver cancer have been clearly linked with plutonium exposure. Lung cancer risks have been studied by several investigators including Tokarskaya et al [3], Koshurnikova et al [4], and Kreisheimer et al [5]. In the most recent of these analyses, Kreisheimer et al [5] evaluated the risk of lung cancer as a function of dose from external exposure and internal exposure from plutonium.…”

Section: Major Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Studies on the Mayak nuclear workers: health effects

Koshurnikova

Gilbert

Shilnikova

et al. 2002

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Section: Major Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Studies on the Mayak nuclear workers: health effects

Koshurnikova

Gilbert

Shilnikova

et al. 2002

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…At the end of 1994 the vital status was known for 90%, 83% have film-badge records, and 30% have measured plutonium-body burdens. Excess risks of lung [5], bone [12] and liver [13] cancer have been reported for persons in this cohort with higher exposures to plutonium.…”

Section: Mayak Workers Cohortmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Workers in the radiochemical plant in 1954-1955 were observed to be excreting 13 Bq of plutonium per day [4]. In a recent study of lung-cancer risk, it was reported that 1,479 "plutonium carriers" had an average equivalent dose to the lungs of 6.6 Sv and 9 individuals with equivalent doses >120 Sv [5].…”

Section: Worker Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mayak Production Association: Introduction

Anspaugh

Vasilenko²

2002

Radiat Environ Biophys

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nuclear weapons [1]; it is located south of the City of Ekaterinburg and north of the City of Chelyabinsk ( Fig. 1). Construction of the MPA facility began in 1945 and start-up of the plant occurred in June 1948 with the operation of the initial uranium-graphite reactor for the production of plutonium. The first radiochemical plant was placed on-line in December 1948, and the production of enough plutonium for an initial weapons-related test soon followed. Over the intervening years a total of seven reactors have operated at this site; five uranium-graphite reactors have now been decommissioned. The two remaining reactors are operated mainly for the production of isotopes. Since 1977 the radiochemical plant has been used extensively to reprocess fuels from power reactors and from transport and research reactors. The radioisotope plant dates back to 1962 and is now one of the major suppliers of sources and preparations of radionuclides.The early years of operation of the MPA are of most interest from the standpoint of radiation exposure of the workers and the nearby general population. The entire enterprise consisted of an industrial zone of 90 km 2 surrounded by a buffer zone of 250 km 2 . Throughout the operation of the MPA, its workers have lived in the closed City of Ozyorsk, which is located several kilometres west of the MPA. During 1948 and 1949, as the MPA became a fully operational plutonium manufacturing site, the enterprise consisted of several facilities located at a distance of 500 m-5 km from the main site. These facilities consisted of q Reactors (group F plants) q Radiochemical plants (group B plants), including waste treatment and high-level waste storage (complex C) q Industrial complex for production of 239 Pu (group V plants)There was great pressure during the early years of operation of the MPA to produce enough plutonium for the initial bomb test and to produce additional weaponsgrade material. Due to this urgency and to the lack of proper equipment and technological controls, substantial exposure occurred to both the workers at the enterprise and to the general population living in the City of Ozyorsk and in villages downstream of the MPA on the Techa River (Fig. 1). These exposed populations form a unique resource for the study of radiation effects in humans. The worker cohort includes a high fraction of women, which is unusual. Several cohorts have been formed of members of the unselected general population; these cohorts are large and have relatively large exposures. The major exposures occurred approximately 50 years ago, and a substantial effort has been made to follow the more important cohorts and to determine their vital status. Thus, these populations are comparable in many ways to the survivors of the atomic bombings in Japan. That is, the populations are large, the follow-ups have been active, the exposures are large, members of both sexes have been exposed, the members of the general population cohorts were unselected, and the time of follow-up is already long. A major difference...

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“…The risk coefficient is based primarily on the risk from inhaled radon and radon progeny. The risk coefficient from Koshurnikova et al (1998) is based on an epidemiologic study of plutonium production workers in Russia. Essentially all the workers smoked cigarettes and were exposed to relatively high levels of plutonium over their lifetime.…”

Section: Risk Coefficients For Lung Cancer Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological Risk Assessment of Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosols

Hahn

Roszell²,

Daxon³

et al. 2009

Health Physics

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Assessment of the health risk from exposure to aerosols of depleted uranium (DU) is an important outcome of the Capstone aerosol studies that established exposure ranges to personnel in armored combat vehicles perforated by DU munitions. Although the radiation exposure from DU is low, there is concern that DU deposited in the body may increase cancer rates. Radiation doses to various organs of the body resulting from the inhalation of DU aerosols measured in the Capstone studies were calculated using International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) models. Organs and tissues with the highest calculated committed equivalent 50-y doses were lung and extrathoracic tissues (nose and nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, mouth, and thoracic lymph nodes). Doses to the bone surface and kidney were about 5 to 10% of the doses to the extrathoracic tissues. Organ-specific risks were estimated using ICRP and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methodologies. Risks for crewmembers and first responders were determined for selected scenarios based on the time interval of exposure and for vehicle and armor type. The lung was the organ with the highest cancer mortality risk, accounting for about 97% of the risks summed from all organs. The highest mean lifetime risk for lung cancer for the scenario with the longest exposure time interval (2 h) was 0.42%. This risk is low compared with the natural or background risk of 7.35%. These risks can be significantly reduced by using an existing ventilation system (if operable) and by reducing personnel time in the vehicle immediately after perforation.

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Lung Cancer Risk due to Exposure to Incorporated Plutonium

Cited by 48 publications

References 6 publications

Studies on the Mayak nuclear workers: health effects

Studies on the Mayak nuclear workers: health effects

Mayak Production Association: Introduction

Radiological Risk Assessment of Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosols

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