Lung Cancer

Pandit

Case Reports in Pulmonology

et al. 2014

Advanced lung cancer is complicated by skeletal metastases either due to direct extension from adjacent primaries or, more commonly, due to haematogenous dissemination of neoplastic cells. Lumber spine is the most common site for bony metastases in bronchogenic carcinoma. Proximal lone bones, especially humerus, are unusual sites for metastases from lung primaries. Small cell and large cell varieties of lung cancer are most commonly associated with skeletal dissemination. It is also unusual that an asymptomatic squamous cell carcinoma of lung presents with painful, soft tissue swelling with osteolytic metastasis of humerus which is reported in our case. Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, local palliative radiotherapy, adequate analgesia, and internal fixation of the affected long bone are different modalities of treatment in this advanced stage of disease. But the prognosis is definitely poor in this stage IV disease.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most common malignancies which present with bone metastases are carcinomas of prostate, breast, and lung [ 1 ]. Approximately one-third of the patients with bronchogenic carcinoma present with symptoms due to extrathoracic metastases [ 2 ]. In lung cancers, axial skeleton is more commonly involved than extremities [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Osteolytic Metastasis of Humerus from an Asymptomatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung: A Rare Clinical Entity

Pandit

Case Reports in Pulmonology

et al. 2014

International Journal of Applied &Amp; Basic Medical Research

“…Unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer have advanced disease at diagnosis. [ 2 ] Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (CT-FNAC) and bronchoscopy are most used for diagnosis of lung cancer. However, these procedures are not without complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Serum Biomarkers – Serum Amyloid A and CYFRA 21-1 in Lung Cancer

Dhanurdhar,

Jagaty,

Subhankar

et al. 2023

Introduction: Bronchogenic carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women. Early diagnosis and treatment in these cases are essential for a better prognosis. Serum biomarkers such as serum amyloid A (SAA) and CYFRA 21-1 have generated encouraging results regarding their use in the diagnosis of these cases but data on their role in the Indian scenario are still lacking. Aim: The study aims to measure the levels of SAA and CYFRA 21-1 in various types of lung cancer and compare them with patients without lung cancer. It also aims to compare the values of these biomarkers before and after chemotherapy and correlate them with response to treatment. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, case–control study conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh. All histologically and/or cytologically proven lung cancer cases were included in the study group while patients with diseases other than lung cancer formed the control group. All patients were evaluated through a complete history and thorough clinical examination. Measurement of SAA and CYFRA 21-1 in blood was done by sandwich ELISA method. The patients in the study group were followed up regularly and the biomarkers were measured again after four cycles of chemotherapy. The response of tumors to chemotherapy was evaluated as per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 19.0. Results: The study group and control group included 20 patients each. Hoarseness of voice and hemoptysis were significantly associated with lung cancer patients (P = 0.001 and P = 0.025, respectively). Serum levels above 8745 ng/ml for SAA and 2.55 ng/ml for serum CYFRA 21-1 were used as diagnostic biomarker in lung cancer. The serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 were found to be significantly raised in nonsmall cell carcinoma (NSCLC) in comparison to SCLC of lung. There was a statistically significant decrease in the serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 in lung cancer patients on C4 cycle of chemotherapy in comparison to C1 cycle (P = 0.014). Conclusion: SAA and CYFRA 21-1 could be valuable diagnostic biomarkers in lung cancer. CYFRA 21-1, in addition, could also be used as prognostic biomarker in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy as it showed significant decrease after C4-cycle of chemotherapy. It can also be a potential biomarker to differentiate small cell and NSCLC.

“…[20] ELISA test has sensitivity varying from 50% to 92% and specificity of 95%. [21] The limitations of test are:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibody detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is of limited use since less than 70% of patients produce specific antibodies in high levels. [ 20 ] ELISA test has sensitivity varying from 50% to 92% and specificity of 95%. [ 21 ] The limitations of test are:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary tuberculosis as differential diagnosis of lung cancer

Bhatt

Kant

Bhaskar

2012

South Asian J Cancer

Patients with lung cancer are often misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis leading to delay in the correct diagnosis as well as exposure to inappropriate medication. Several factors are responsible for this situation in developing countries, including lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure and socio-economic factors. This article outlines the differences between the two diseases as well as features that would make a clinician suspect the right diagnosis early.