Lunar surface electric potential changes associated with traversals through the Earth's foreshock

Collier, M. R.; Hills, H. K.; Stubbs, T. J.; Halekas, J. S.; Delory, G. T.; Espley, J. R.; Farrell, W. M.; Freeman, J. W.; Vondrak, R. R.

doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.010

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Discrepancies between our predictions for slow and fast solar wind conditions and the observations by the Apollo SIDE instruments (e.g., Freeman and Ibrahim, 1975) could be due to either enhanced secondary electron emission associated with the Earth's foreshock region (Collier et al, 2011), or under-estimates of T p on the dayside and T e near the terminator. An under-estimate in the present values of T p could possibly be attributed to contamination 800 (oxidation) of the lunar regolith samples used in the laboratory experiments, which would have likely altered their photoelectric properties.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…This is important since various 675 stepping voltages were applied to the instrument aperture, relative to the ground plane potential, in order to produce a negative potential that could attract ambient low energy, positively charged photo-ions into the instrument. Under certain conditions, particular combinations of stepping voltages and energy channels could therefore be used to infer the lunar surface potential (e.g., see Collier et al, 2011). Based on our present understanding of the SIDE measurements, it is 680 reasonable to assume that the derived lunar surface potentials are sufficiently accurate, although further investigation is warranted.…”

Section: Comparison With Side Observationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A recent re-analysis of a subset of Apollo 14 SIDE Total Ion Detector (TID) "resonance" events by Collier et al (2011) revealed that I L > §+10 V occurred when the Moon was near the dawn flank of the Earth's bow shock. They proposed that these events were related to an increase in I L due to enhanced secondary electron emission from the lunar surface caused by incident 650 plasma electron beams known to exist in the Earth's foreshock region (Fitzenreiter et al, 1996).…”

Section: Comparison With Side Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The instruments were 670 believed to be adequately electrically grounded to the surface by circular wire grids, referred to as ground planes, which were in contact with the regolith Collier et al, 2011). A good electrical contact was thought to be facilitated by photoelectrons emitted from the regolith, although this also could have been affected by photoelectrons emitted from the main body of the instruments and the ground planes themselves.…”

Section: Comparison With Side Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependence of lunar surface charging on solar wind plasma conditions and solar irradiation

Stubbs

Farrell

Halekas

et al. 2014

Planetary and Space Science

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Comparison With Side Observationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Comparison With Side Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Side Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependence of lunar surface charging on solar wind plasma conditions and solar irradiation

Stubbs

Farrell

Halekas

et al. 2014

Planetary and Space Science

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“…Under these circumstances the conditions for surface charging will be changed considerably Collier et al, 2011). .…”

Section: The Dust and Plasma Environment And Its Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific preparations for lunar exploration with the European Lunar Lander

Fisackerly¹,

Rosa²,

Houdou³

2012

Planetary and Space Science

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Recent Lunar missions and new scientific results in multiple disciplines have shown that working and operating in the complex lunar environment and exploiting the Moon as a platform for scientific research and further exploration poses major challenges. Underlying these challenges are fundamental scientific unknowns regarding the Moon's surface, its environment, the effects of this environment and the availability of potential resources. The European Lunar Lander is a mission proposed by the European Space Agency to prepare for future exploration. The mission provides an opportunity to address some of these key unknowns and provide information of importance for future exploration activities.Areas of particular interest for investigation on the Lunar Lander include the integrated plasma, dust, charge and radiation environment and its effects, the properties of lunar dust and its physical effects on systems and physiological effects on humans, the availability, distribution and potential application of in situ resources for future exploration. A model payload has then been derived, taking these objectives to account and considering potential payloads proposed through a request for information, and the mission's boundary conditions. While exploration preparation has driven the definition there is a significant synergy with investigations associated with fundamental scientific questions. This paper discusses the scientific objectives for the ESA Lunar Lander Mission, which emphasise human exploration preparatory science and introduces the model scientific payload considered as part of the on-going mission studies, in advance of a formal instrument selection.

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