Lubricity of paraffinic fuels additivated with conventional and non-conventional methyl esters

Rodríguez–Fernández, José; Ramos, Antonio Callejo; Sánchez-Valdepeñas, Jesús; Serrano, José Ramón

doi:10.1177/1687814019877077

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A HFRR is used to measure the lubrication of heating oil or diesel fuel. Through HFRR testing, the fuel samples' lubricity was evaluated [11]. To estimate the lubricity, this standard measures the wern scar diameter (WSD) in μm along the x and y axis that are generated on the ball surface when it slides against the pressure plate, both of which are submerged in fluid.…”

Section: High-frequency Reciprocating Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on the Impact of Bio-Additives on Tribological Behavior of Diesel Fuels

Zewdie,

Tibba,

Zeleke

et al. 2024

Advances in Tribology

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Automobile engines require lubrication to lessen the impact of friction due to the high levels of wear and frictional heat generated by the sliding parts. Wear and friction will cause engine parts to endure for less time, be less reliable, and require more maintenance. Diesel fuel can potentially be replaced with biodiesel among other fuels. Diesel engines have a serious problem with equipment that is lubricated by the fuel itself. This study’s goal is to assess the influence of bio-additives on the diesel fuel tribological behavior and energy balance during the car’s idle running, acceleration, constant speed, and braking. Lubricity issues with reformulated diesel and lubricity test procedures are explained. The relationship between tribology and bio-additives is also briefly illustrated. According to the literature, adding bio-additives to fuel boosts its lubricity. Biodiesel has long been considered an additive with excellent lubricant properties. Even in small amounts, adding biodiesel to diesel fuel can increase its lubricity without the need for conventional lubricity additives. This is especially true for diesel fuel with ultralow sulfur. Diesel fuel characteristics determine the precise blending percentage needed to provide the proper lubricity of maximum 520 μm testing wear scars with a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR), although 2% biodiesel nearly invariably imparts adequate lubricity to biodiesel blends. Tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) was one of the bio-additives investigated by HFRR. When the additive concentration was raised from 0 to 500 g/g, the wear scar diameter (WSD) of nonadditive diesel fuel was lowered by 60.3%, from 630 to 250 μm, and the coefficient of friction (COF) was lowered by 95.7%, from 0.47 to 0.02.

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Section: High-frequency Reciprocating Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuel flow lubricates important parts of a diesel engine, including the injector and diesel injection equipment. The lubrication that the fuel provides is primarily responsible for the decreased friction and wear of such parts [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Impact of Bio-Additives on Tribological Behavior of Diesel Fuels

Zewdie,

Tibba,

Zeleke

et al. 2024

Advances in Tribology

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“…Although this decreases emissions such as SOx, the sulphur and aromatic contents of conventional diesel provide it with natural lubricity, which is absent in FT diesel. However, this can be rectified by commercial additives (Rodríguez-Fernández et al, 2019). The high cetane number of fuels that can be derived from the F-T process also show a high potential for reducing the NOx/PM trade-off seen in conventional diesel engines (Rounce et al, 2009).…”

Section: Fischer-trospch Dieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Fuels Based on Dimethyl Ether as a Future Non-Fossil Fuel for Road Transport From Sustainable Feedstocks

2021

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In this review we consider the important future of the synthetic fuel, dimethyl ether (DME). We compare DME to two alternatives [oxymethylene ether (OMEx) and synthetic diesel through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactions]. Finally, we explore a range of methodologies and processes for the synthesis of DME.DME is an alternative diesel fuel for use in compression ignition (CI) engines and may be produced from a range of waste feedstocks, thereby avoiding new fossil carbon from entering the supply chain. DME is characterised by low CO2, low NOx and low particulate matter (PM) emissions. Its high cetane number means it can be used in CI engines with minimal modifications. The key to creating a circular fuels economy is integrating multiple waste streams into an economically and environmentally sustainable supply chain. Therefore, we also consider the availability and nature of low-carbon fuels and hydrogen production. Reliable carbon dioxide sources are also essential if CO2 utilisation processes are to become commercially viable. The location of DME plants will depend on the local ecosystems and ideally should be co-located on or near waste emitters and low-carbon energy sources. Alternative liquid fuels are considered interesting in the medium term, while renewable electricity and hydrogen are considered as reliable long-term solutions for the future transport sector. DME may be considered as a circular hydrogen carrier which will also be able to store energy for use at times of low renewable power generation.The chemistry of the individual steps within the supply chain is generally well known and usually relies on the use of cheap and Earth-abundant metal catalysts. The thermodynamics of these processes are also well-characterised. So overcoming the challenge now relies on the expertise of chemical engineers to put the fundamentals into commercial practice. It is important that a whole systems approach is adopted as interventions can have detrimental unintended consequences unless close monitoring is applied. This review shows that while DME production has been achieved and shows great promise, there is considerable effort needed if we are to reach true net zero emissions in the transport sector, particularly long-haul road use, in the require timescales.

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The Development of Triglyceride-Based Additives and Their Lubricity Properties for Low Sulfur Fossil Diesel: A Review

Firmansyah

Burhan

Zetra

et al. 2022

Journal of Tribology

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Reducing the sulfur content in fossil diesel is recognized to create cleaner air. One of the efforts that can be made to reduce sulfur is involving the hydrodesulfurization process in the oil refinery. However, that process is responsible for decreasing the natural lubricating compounds in fossil diesel. Then, it results in the low lubricity of fossil diesel which increases friction and wears scars on the metal surface of machinery components. Therefore, it is necessary to use additives to improve the lubricity properties of fossil diesel. Additives can be derived from vegetable oil-based triglyceride compounds (bio-additives). The primary bio-additives class studied in lubricity improver is the ester group. Many challenges need to be addressed by researchers to obtain such a bio-additive to perform better. This paper focuses on bio-additives and their lubricity properties between 1995 and 2020. We review the bio-additives class and its effect on fossil diesel lubricity, the relationship between structure and lubricity, the bio-additives synthesis route, and the lubricity testing method. Finally, the challenges and future research direction in developing lubricity bio-additives for low sulfur diesel fossil is also highlighted (including the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis and its strategies briefly), which will be an essential consideration in synthesizing new lubricity improver bio-additives for low sulfur diesel.

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Lubricity of paraffinic fuels additivated with conventional and non-conventional methyl esters

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

A Review on the Impact of Bio-Additives on Tribological Behavior of Diesel Fuels

A Review on the Impact of Bio-Additives on Tribological Behavior of Diesel Fuels

Synthetic Fuels Based on Dimethyl Ether as a Future Non-Fossil Fuel for Road Transport From Sustainable Feedstocks

The Development of Triglyceride-Based Additives and Their Lubricity Properties for Low Sulfur Fossil Diesel: A Review

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