Lubricant-Infused Surfaces with Built-In Functional Biomolecules Exhibit Simultaneous Repellency and Tunable Cell Adhesion

Abstract

Lubricant-infused omniphobic surfaces have exhibited outstanding effectiveness in inhibiting nonspecific adhesion and attenuating superimposed clot formation compared with other coated surfaces. However, such surfaces blindly thwart adhesion, which is troublesome for applications that rely on targeted adhesion. Here we introduce a new class of lubricant-infused surfaces that offer tunable bioactivity together with omniphobic properties by integrating biofunctional domains into the lubricantinfused layer. These novel surfaces promote targeted binding of desired species while simultaneously preventing nonspecific adhesion. To develop these surfaces, mixed selfassembled monolayers (SAMs) of aminosilanes and fluorosilanes were generated. Aminosilanes were utilized as coupling molecules for immobilizing capture ligands, and nonspecific adhesion of cells and proteins was prevented by infiltrating the fluorosilane molecules with a thin layer of a biocompatible fluorocarbon-based lubricant, thus generating biofunctional lubricant-infused surfaces. This method yields surfaces that (a) exhibit highly tunable binding of anti-CD34 and anti-CD144 antibodies and adhesion of endothelial cells, while repelling nonspecific adhesion of undesirable proteins and cells not only in buffer but also in human plasma or human whole blood, and (b) attenuate blood clot formation. Therefore, this straightforward and simple method creates biofunctional, nonsticky surfaces that can be used to optimize the performance of devices such as biomedical implants, extracorporeal circuits, and biosensors.

Hierarchical Structures, with Submillimeter Patterns, Micrometer Wrinkles, and Nanoscale Decorations, Suppress Biofouling and Enable Rapid Droplet Digitization

“…[ 30 ] Liquid‐infused surfaces are one of the recent classes of omniphobic surfaces which have shown to significantly suppress biofouling and thrombosis with their performances surpassing previous anticoagulant based strategies in terms of longevity under blood flow and anti‐biofouling ability. [ 20–25,27–30 ] However, in order for these surfaces to sustain their omniphobic and repellent properties, the lubricant layer must be stable on the surfaces, making them difficult to use in open‐air applications where the lubricant is susceptible to evaporation. [ 31 ] Another class of omniphobic surfaces is those with structural modifications wherein the micro‐ and nano‐scale topography of the surface provides omniphobic properties.…”

Biofunctionalization of Glass‐ and Paper‐Based Microfluidic Devices: A Review

“…Before performing the silanization, the substrate of interest is usually required to be hydroxylated to obtain OH groups. One approach to induce these hydroxyl groups is oxygen plasma treatment . The other approach is using Piranha etching (a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide) to hydroxylate the surface .…”

Self-Cleaning: From Bio-Inspired Surface Modification to MEMS/Microfluidics System Integration

“…By mixing different self-assembled monolayer silanes (aminosilane and fluorosilane) during the surface treatment, tunable cell repellency and selective binding of antibodies can be realized. The target anti-bodies would be anchored by the aminosilanes while the fluorosilane will repel the non-desired cells, proteins or plasma clotting assays, creating the bio-functional lubricant-infused surfaces (BLPS) [114].…”