LTE evolution — Latency reduction and reliability enhancements for wireless industrial automation

Aktaş, Ismet; Jafari, Mohammad H.; Ansari, Junaid; Dudda, Torsten; Ashraf, Shehzad; Arenas, John C. S.

doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292603

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Two areas are considered in this work, the evaluation of short TTI in the uplink of LTE and the evaluation of the technique for narrowband category of UEs. The authors in [33] evaluate short TTI and SPS for industrial automation applications to Fig. 3 Mapping of different latency reduction techniques to cellular network architecture identify the set of applications that could be supported with the latency reduction enhancements.…”

Section: State Of the Art On Latency Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The user-plane latency is considered as the delay between the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layers of eNB and UE. In this paper, we do not investigate the downlink latency, since it is under 10 ms anyhow, as explained in [33]. The following sections bring the material for a good understanding of these components.…”

Section: Latency Of 4g Lte: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latency reduction for narrowband URLLC networks: a performance evaluation

et al. 2021

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Fifth-generation (5G) cellular mobile networks are expected to support mission-critical low latency applications in addition to mobile broadband services, where fourth-generation (4G) cellular networks are unable to support Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). However, it might be interesting to understand which latency requirements can be met with both 4G and 5G networks. In this paper, we discuss (1) the components contributing to the latency of cellular networks and (2) evaluate control-plane and user-plane latencies for current-generation narrowband cellular networks and point out the potential improvements to reduce the latency of these networks, (3) present, implement and evaluate latency reduction techniques for latency-critical applications. The two elements we detected, namely the short transmission time interval and the semi-persistent scheduling are very promising as they allow to shorten the delay to processing received information both into the control and data planes. We then analyze the potential of latency reduction techniques for URLLC applications. To this end, we develop these techniques into the long term evolution (LTE) module of ns-3 simulator and then evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques into two different application fields: industrial automation and intelligent transportation systems. Our detailed evaluation results from simulations indicate that LTE can satisfy the low-latency requirements for a large choice of use cases in each field.

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Section: State Of the Art On Latency Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Latency Of 4g Lte: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency reduction for narrowband URLLC networks: a performance evaluation

et al. 2021

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“…However, the authors did not provide detailed parameters, such as carrier frequency or the payload sizes of the packet. In [22], the authors suggested several reliability enhancement methods by introducing packet redundancy over consecutive subframes and using multiple carriers, which showed a significant 10 -7 block error rate (BLER) performance. However, the study only considered the LTE Release 14 standard and did not explore the 5G standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Layer Design and Performance Analysis for Ultra-Reliable Factory of the Future Based on 5G Mobile Networks

2021

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To provide a new level of reliability, latency, and support a massive number of users and smart objects, a new 5G multi-services air interface needs to be addressed for the factory of the future (FoF). However, there are limitations in providing connectivity to a dynamic machine in a factory due to several strict industrial automation requirements. In particular, the strict wireless communication latency and reliability requirements are the major challenges to enable the Industry 4.0 vision. In this paper, a PHY-MAC layer cross-layer model that combines a semi-persistent scheduling at the medium access control layer and NOMA at the physical layer has been proposed to address the limitations. The work extensively investigates the performance of the factory of the future with various considerations of 5G spectrums (in this case 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz), speeds and frequency diversity. In addition, the packet error rate (PER), outage probability and throughput in MAC are evaluated in terms of network density deployment (sparse, moderate, dense), different kinds of speed; 0 km/h, 3 km/h, 7 km/h and 10 km/h, under two 5G frequency spectrums. Through extensive simulations, the considered 5G system parameters produced better results in terms of reliability, where the results showed that the frequency diversity outperformed non-diversity by 2 dB. In a sparse network, the PER results showed better results compared to the dense network density by 2 dB (MMSE), 8 dB (LS-Linear) and 2 dB (LS-Spline). Besides that, robotics in sparse network density and stationary exhibited the best PER results, which is as low as 10 -7 . Moreover, the performance of mid-band frequency outperformed the high-band frequency by 1.8dB (MMSE) in dense condition and 1.5 dB (MMSE) in sparse deployment at PER = 10 -6 . Hence, this study could be a useful insight for the factory of the future services that are utilizing a 5G mid-band spectrum as well as a high-band spectrum.

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“…Determinism is another mandatory condition that is difficult to achieve with current wireless standards. In recent literature, in order to enable a massive deployment of industrial wireless networks, several technologies and standards have been proposed: IEEE 802.11 [5] [6], Bluetooth [7], 802.15.4 [8], LTE [9], and 5G [10] [11]. However, the latest versions of Wi-Fi and 5G stand out among all of them for a considerable improvement in critical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of NOMA-Based Retransmission Schemes for Factory Automation Applications

et al. 2021

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New use cases and applications in factory automation scenarios impose demanding requirements for traditional industrial communications. In particular, latency and reliability are considered as some of the most representative Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that limit the technological choices addressing wireless communications. Indeed, there is a considerable research effort ongoing in the area of wireless systems, not only from academia, but also from companies, towards novel solutions that fit Industry 4.0 KPIs. A major limitation for traditional wireless architectures is related to the harsh nature of the industrial propagation channel. Accordingly, this paper addresses these challenges by studying the reliability and latency performance of the joint use of different retransmission schemes in combination with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques. Two general retransmission schemes have been tested: time-based and spatial diversity-based retransmissions. An adaptive injection level NOMA solution has been combined with the retransmission schemes to improve the reliability of critical information. In all cases, a particular set of simulations has been carried out varying the main parameters, such as modulation, code rate and the injection level. Moreover, the impact of the number of transmitters in relation to the communication reliability has been analyzed. Results show that spatial diversity-based retransmissions overcome considerably the reliability obtained with time-domain retransmissions while maintaining assumable latency rates.

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LTE evolution — Latency reduction and reliability enhancements for wireless industrial automation

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Latency reduction for narrowband URLLC networks: a performance evaluation

Latency reduction for narrowband URLLC networks: a performance evaluation

Cross-Layer Design and Performance Analysis for Ultra-Reliable Factory of the Future Based on 5G Mobile Networks

Analysis of NOMA-Based Retransmission Schemes for Factory Automation Applications

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