Traditionally, modern nondestructive evaluation techniques have been utilized to test bridges. Numerous nondestructive test procedures are available for use on bridge components. A single nondestructive testing technique could not give the inspector all the information he needs to obtain. In this chapter, the methods that are being successfully used in bridge inspection are presented. The physical principles of these techniques are briefly outlined. The latest research on their use is briefly stated. Their advantages and disadvantages are stated. Visual inspection of structural elements in bridges is the most basic approach to nondestructive evaluation. There are many advantages to visual inspection that include: (1) it requires minimal equipment, (2) it is one of the easiest to conduct, and (3) it is less time consuming and more economical than the more advanced nondestructive evaluation methods. Most bridge cracking problems have been discovered visually. Visual inspection detects obvious surface discontinuities only in the accessible areas of bridges. Among the limitations of the visual inspection is the subjectivity of the results as the method relies primarily on the inspector capabilities. The size of the detected defect depends on several variables: inspector visual acuity, lighting conditions, surface preparation, and viewing angle [1 In the United States, visual inspection is a primary component of both routine and in-depth inspections. A recent study conducted by FHWA [ ]. Consequently, relying only on visual inspection may lead to dangerous consequences.