<title>MPEG-2 variable bit rate coding algorithm: analysis and modeling</title>

Bandwidth Allocation for the Transmission of Scalable MPEG Video Traffic with Deterministic Guarantees

“…In [1], the efficiency of the constant-quality policy was investigated in depth by using long traces (more than one hour) of ''The Sheltering Sky'', a movie coded according to the MPEG 2 standard [19]. In that paper it was shown that, even when long delays (about seconds) are acceptable, the network utilization still remains low, e.g.…”

“…''The Sheltering Sky'' was coded with two different qualities: high quality (quantization step 3), hereafter VBR 3, and low quality (quantization step 6), hereafter VBR 6. Coding details and a more detailed statistical analysis of this movie can be found in [2,19]. Figure 1 shows a snapshot of two consecutive GOPs (starting from an I frame) for both sequences.…”

A multi‐level satellite channel allocation algorithm for real‐time VBR data

“…they only occur a few times in our 2-h sequence, but never consecutively. The accuracy of this model was investigated in References [15,16], where it is shown that both the qualitative (i.e. burstiness and the overall appearance of traces) and the statistical properties (maximum, minimum, average, standard deviation and autocorrelation function) of the generated GOP size sequence are very similar to those of the real trace.…”

“…The model of the MPEG video source used is sketched in Reference [14], and described in References [15,16] in more detail. The generator uses a bidimensional Markov chain +M H , H H " 0)j)7,, where H H is the jth GOP size, and M H is the status of a low frequency process modulating the jth GOP size.…”