&lt;title&gt;Mechanical characterization of artificial muscles with computer vision&lt;/title&gt;

Verdu, R.; Morales‐Sánchez, Juan; Romero, Antonio J. Fernández; Cortés, María Teresa González; Otero, Toribio F.; Weruaga-Prieto, Luis

doi:10.1117/12.475172

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, most of the described experimental conditions involve devices working under partial oxidation of the material, outside deep reduction states, having a high enough electronic conductivity as the electrochemically stimulated conformational relaxation (ESCR) model predicts [57,198]. This gives a uniform actuation, not requiring embedded metallic wires to guarantee a uniform conductivity along the device and a uniform bending along the device, as proved by digital image analysis [199,200]. These structures also need a metallic CE to allow the current flow.…”

Section: Tubes and Films With Metal Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemomechanical Devices: Artificial Muscles

Otero

Arias‐Pardilla

2010

Electropolymerization

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Science is one of the most robust conceptual constructs developed by human beings. Theoretical physical models have been developed involving the smallest and the largest systems over the full scale of the universe. At either extreme, the models, which provide for constant interaction forces between their components, describe experimental observations and are predictive.Life evolved from systems of intermediate size in relation to the extremes of universal scale. Life, biological organs, and cells develop functions only under chemical driving conditions. Natural organs can be considered as biological devices that are very efficient in transforming chemical energy at constant temperature into functions, unlike servitude of machines to the Carnot cycle. Inside any living cell, thousands of simultaneous reactions occur. Every reaction promotes changes from reactants to products, with subsequent changes to hundreds of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Moreover, most of those reactions link conformational changes of biopolymers with ionic and electronic movement driving water flow. Hence, many simultaneous chemical reactions, intermolecular, and intramolecular interactions involving conformational movements are outside the possibilities of current theoretical models. Theoretical descriptions of any living cell and predictions of its behavior when unhealthy are unavailable within our scientific models. This constitutes the proximity paradox [1] because we have been able to develop good and predictive theoretical models for subatomic or galactic systems, far removed from our everyday surroundings.Actuation of natural organs such as muscles involves, moreover, the chemical reaction of ATP hydrolysis simultaneous with sensing processes that provide living creatures with a perfect consciousness of both the characteristics of their mechanical movements and their interactions with their environment: they are intelligent machines.Most of our technological developments were inspired by biological functions and organs. One of our aims is to overcome the efficiency of the biological Electropolymerization: Concepts, Materials and Applications. Edited by Serge Cosnier and Arkady Karyakin

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Section: Tubes and Films With Metal Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemomechanical Devices: Artificial Muscles

Otero

Arias‐Pardilla

2010

Electropolymerization

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“…In [3] a one-camera 2D system was employed for providing the relevant parameters of the movement, perpendicular to the observer system. This work is partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, under grant TIC2002-03033 and BQU2001-0477.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characterization of the life cycle of artificial muscles through stereoscopic computer vision and active contours

Verdu

Berenguer²,

Morales³

et al. 2005

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005

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Artificial muscles are formed by attaching a conducting polymeric film to a non-conducting one. The flow of an electric current produces a macroscopic bending movement on the muscle. A good characterization of both, motion rate and energy of curvature, is required for improving the efficiency of these devices. In this paper, a two-cam stereo vision system is proposed to acquire and process the image sequence and a 3D snake for tracking the muscle. From the curve given by the snake, mechanical parameters of the artificial muscle can be estimated. The movements along the life cycle of the muscle can be compared with the energy consumed in each cycle. This is necessary for determining the span life of these devices in applications where they work as actuators. Results prove the validity of this approach.

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“…Originalmente, la caracterización y el estudio de las variaciones de curvatura del músculo sometido a una corriente eléctrica se hacía de forma manual. Dentro del proyecto [39] se propuso inicialmente un sistema basado en una cámara de video y un contorno activo en 2D [267]. Esta primera aproximación aporta parámetros relevantes para el modelado del músculo, pero tiene el inconveniente de que el movimiento captado es el que se produce en el plano normal a la cámara.…”

Section: Métodounclassified

Formulación de los contornos activos en el dominio de la frecuencia y análisis de convergencia en segmentación de imagen

Monedero¹

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<title>Mechanical characterization of artificial muscles with computer vision</title>

Cited by 7 publications

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Electrochemomechanical Devices: Artificial Muscles

Electrochemomechanical Devices: Artificial Muscles

Mechanical characterization of the life cycle of artificial muscles through stereoscopic computer vision and active contours

Formulación de los contornos activos en el dominio de la frecuencia y análisis de convergencia en segmentación de imagen

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