<title>Influence of water spray on Er:YAG ablation of hard dental tissues</title>

The Temperature Changes in the Pulp Chamber During Cavity Preparation with the Er:YAG Laser Using a Very Short Pulse

“…The shorter pulses used in VSP build up its energy faster, and consequently less energy is transformed into heat, which results in more efficient ablation and less thermal damage to dental tissues. [13][14][15] Because the tissues are less affected thermally, the manufacturer claims that higher pulse repetition rates up to 50 Hz can be safely used. Thus the very short pulse duration of 100 sec instead of the traditional 300-sec pulse should lead to more effective and less harmful ablation of hard dental tissues.…”

“…Although the efficiency of ablation of hard dental tissues by the Er:YAG laser is increased in comparison with other lasers, 12 it is still slower than conventional drilling. 13 Recently, new technology that enables changes in pulse duration has been introduced. It is reported that shorter pulse rates (100 sec) considerably increase the ablation rate of hard dental tissues, in contrast to the commonly used 300-sec pulses of other erbium lasers.…”

Selective targeting of protein, water, and mineral in dentin using UV and IR pulse lasers: The effect on the bond strength to composite restorative materials

“…Previous studies have shown that the rate and efficiency of erbium laser ablation is increased by applying a water spray or a static layer of water to the surface prior to ablation [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Furthermore, the addition of water has been found to alter the surface morphology and chemical composition of the irradiated enamel [7][8][9].…”

Influence of liquid medium with different absorption and its layer thickness on bovine bone tibia ablation induced by CO2laser

“…In order to appreciate the effect of liquid layer on laser ablation, various wavelengths and pulse durations have been examined [1][2][3] . Previous studies demonstrated that the addition of water in tissue improves ablation efficiency and surface morphology as well as lowers pulpal temperature [4][5][6][7] . The material-processing studied showed that the application of a transparent water layer contribute to lower damage threshold and enhanced ablation performance [8][9] .…”