&lt;title&gt;Ground-penetrating radar of the Netlander mission&lt;/title&gt;

Ney, R.; Berthelier, Jean‐Jacques; Ciarletti, Valérie; Martinat, B.; Hamelin, Michel; Rodríguez-Cassolà, Marc; Dolon, F.; Bonaimé, S.; Reineix, Alain; Nevejans, B.; Duvanaud, Claude; Costard, F.; Paillou, Philippe

doi:10.1117/12.462294

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[10] In accordance with the concept described in the above section, the GPR has been basically designed to allow the measurement of the electric and magnetic components of the received wave field. A brief overview of the instrument design is given in the following and a more detailed technical description will be the subject of a forthcoming publication [Ney et al, 2002].…”

Section: Description Of the Instrument And Its Modes Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPR, a ground‐penetrating radar for the Netlander mission

Berthelier¹

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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In the coming decade, several missions are planned that will land on the surface of Mars landers or instrumented geophysical stations. Among the scientific objectives of these projects, one of the most important will be to unravel the many unknowns in the geological and hydrological history of the planet. The Netlander mission offers a unique opportunity to explore the interior of Mars, its subsurface, its atmosphere, and its distant environment from four landing sites that will be selected to offer a variety of different geophysical conditions. We have thus proposed to fly on these four landers a ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) to explore the geological characteristics of the subsurface and search for water reservoirs down to a depth which may be sufficient to allow a possible detection of liquid water. We provide in this paper a short description of this radar which is based on a new concept to allow a 3‐D imaging of the subsurface by determining the range and direction of the underground reflectors. In order to access to deep layers, it will operate at a low frequency of 2 MHz. Some results obtained by a numerical modeling of the radar operation in an electromagnetic model of the Martian subsurface are presented in order to illustrate the main capabilities of the radar. In the last section, preliminary results from an initial field test are reported. In addition to its primary goal as a ground‐penetrating radar, the GPR will also be operated on Mars as an ionospheric sounder and, in a passive mode, as a HF receiver to measure the radio‐electric background.

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Section: Description Of the Instrument And Its Modes Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPR, a ground‐penetrating radar for the Netlander mission

Berthelier¹

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…If the MI instrument does not detect any ice at a few meters depth, the GPR will detect it at larger depths; moreover it is very sensitive to the liquid water interfaces that could be present at shallow levels in some particular locations. During the tests of the Netlander GPR working at the frequency of 2 Mhz [Berthelier et al, 2000;Ney et al, 2002] the blind zone was estimated to $70 m.…”

Section: Complementarities Of MI Measurements and Gpr Soundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of near‐surface ice on Mars with electromagnetic techniques on board future surface vehicles

Hamelin¹,

Trautner

Grard

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] After reviewing our knowledge about the presence of water on Mars and the potential advances that can be expected from the projects under development, we estimate the mission profile and potential targets of a future long-range surface vehicle. Liquid water can be detected by electromagnetic techniques through its high dielectric constant and electrical conductivity, and cold ice can be identified without ambiguity through the variations of its permittivity versus frequency at a fixed temperature. We assume a superficial layer of 1-2 m of dry, nonconductive, regolith covering a half-space mixture containing 20% of ice as a model of the subsurface at middle to moderately high latitudes. We show that a linear Wenner mutual impedance array of $6 m, trailed behind a vehicle should detect the presence of ice at a commensurate depth. We find that the optimal frequency range is centered around 2-20 Hz at $190 K. We discuss the synergy of these measurements with those of the ground-penetrating radar technique, which can reach larger depths. We also simulate the performance of an array accommodated on a drill or a penetrator.

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<title>Ground-penetrating radar of the Netlander mission</title>

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

GPR, a ground‐penetrating radar for the Netlander mission

GPR, a ground‐penetrating radar for the Netlander mission

Detection of near‐surface ice on Mars with electromagnetic techniques on board future surface vehicles

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