&lt;title&gt;Design limitations of highly parallel free-space optical interconnects based on arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes, microlenses, and photodetectors&lt;/title&gt;

Tang, Suning; Chen, Ray T.; Gerold, David J.; Li, Maggie M.; Zhao, Chunhe; Natarajan, Srikanth; Lin, Jielun

doi:10.1117/12.174524

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The models used in the literature assume that the crosssectional profile of the emitted laser beam resembles the fundamental Gaussian mode. [12][13][14][15] Our FSOI link equation takes into account the modal structure of a multimode VCSEL beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation and examination of a comprehensive free-space optical interconnect link equation

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Free-space optical interconnects (FSOIs) utilize arrays of vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), microlenses, and photodetectors to effectively overcome the communication bottleneck caused by the poor performance of electrical interconnects. We derived a comprehensive FSOI link equation which can be used to determine the interconnect performance parameters, such as the receiver carrier-to-noise ratio. The link equation includes both optical and electrical noise components. The optical noise component is caused mainly by laser beam diffraction. We have simplified the modelling of optical noise by using the recently introduced Mode Expansion Method. The optical noise component strongly depends on the modal content of the incident VCSEL beam. The models used in the literature assume that the cross-sectional profile of the emitted laser beam resembles the fundamental Gaussian mode. Our link equation takes into account the modal structure of a multimode VCSEL beam. We have investigated the FSOI performance and we found that for each merit function there exists a single set of design parameters yielding the optimal performance. We have also found that the presence of higher-order modes negatively affects the performance. Our results show that FSOIs based on multimode VCSELs can be utilized in chip-level interconnects despite increased beam diffraction.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%