Efficient blue and green surface-emitting lasers enable highperformance, low-cost light engines for displays.Lamp-based projection sources for use in large venues such as convention halls, theaters, and museums are not easily scalable. These projectors typically combine up to four 200W ultra-highpower lamps in order to provide sufficient projection. As an alternative, xenon lamps of 6000-7000W have been employed in digital cinema projectors. However, the largeétendue (the spread of the light in area and angle) of the lamps makes for inefficient light collection and projection. Moreover, the cost of ownership for such equipment is considerable due to the high electrical consumption associated with operating and cooling the projectors and the high cost of lamp replacements. There is a need in the industry for projection systems with longer lifetimes, lowétendue, and wider color gamuts.New laser-based light sources suitable for large venues are highly desired as they will produce a wide range of colors and are extremely stable. They permit constant power operation over a narrow wavelength emission with no wasted IR or UV spectral content, minimizing the need for color rebalancing. In addition, they allow for faster warm-up times and exhibit low noise compared to lamps. The overall system efficiency and improved thermal performance offer a significant enhancement over lampbased projectors. Lasers would also enable 3D movies since they offer as much as a 60% power advantage over lamp-based systems. Insight Media estimated approximately $7800 in energy savings per year from using laser sources instead of lamps in digital cinema projectors. 1 The green and blue range of visible wavelengths necessary for RGB (red, green, blue) displays have been especially difficult to obtain. 2,3 To address this, Novalux developed frequency-doubled vertical extended-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs, also referred to as Necsels: Novalux extendedcavity surface-emitting lasers). [4][5][6] These lasers emit circular Gaussian beams with 8-10% power conversion efficiencies for blue and green wavelengths. Other wavelengths such as cyan and yellow can be added in the future using the same technology.
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