<title>Blood pressure, pulse rate, and rhythm measurement using ionic polymer-metal composite sensors</title>

Electroactive polymeric sensors in hand prostheses: Bending response of an ionic polymer metal composite

“…A method of patterning an IPMC film to enable dual sensing and actuating capabilities was also suggested. A final example of IPMCs in action was presented by Keshavarzi et al [63] who successfully employed these sensors for blood pressure and pulse rates measurements.…”

“…In addition, electroactive polymers offer many of the typical advantages of polymers, such as ease of manufacture and formability. As such, EAPs have currently been implemented in a host of sensory applications ranging from haptic and neural interfaces and artificial noses [39] to intelligent chemical sensing systems [40] to measurement of blood pressure and pulse rates [41]. The following will detail a selected few electroactive polymers with high potential in terms of sensory provision for prosthetic hands and the current applications in which they have been implemented.…”

Analysis of mechanical characteristics of the ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator using cast ion-exchange film

“…The IPMC actuator can be used in fabrication of artificial muscle actuator that was developed by Caldwell. Shahinpoor et al developed a peristaltic micro-pump and robot fish [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Bar-Cohen et al proposed the IPMC actuator as space-based applications [17][18][19][20].…”

A model of charge transport and electromechanical transduction in ionic liquid-swollen Nafion membranes

“…It is believed that macroscopic motion of the membrane produces microscopic motion of the mobile cations, resulting in a charge imbalance across the electrodes. Several researchers have demonstrated that the quasi-static displacement of the polymer is correlated with the voltage that is produced by the membrane [6,9,10]. More recently, Newbury and Leo demonstrated that the current induced in the membrane is proportional to the rate of the mechanical deformation [11,12].…”