&lt;title&gt;Advanced radiometric millimeter-wave scene simulation: ARMSS&lt;/title&gt;

Hauss, B.; Agravante, Hiroshi H.; Chaiken, Steven

doi:10.1117/12.277081

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2017.2781742 scene simulation have been developed [1]- [3] and initial work on this model began with [4]. Material properties and illuminations govern the appearance of objects in the scene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging: Phenomenology and Scene Simulation

Salmon

2018

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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A model for scene simulation is presented, which describes quantitatively the recognized phenomenology of passive millimeter-wave (PMW) imaging in land, sea, and air scenarios. The model describes objects in a scene as facets giving them electromagnetic properties from their electrical permittivities. This enables polarimetric effects in scenes to be reproduced. Illumination from the sky and ground is calculated using radiation transport, as are the emissive and absorbing effects of the atmosphere between the objects and the imager. The model includes the effects of image sampling, diffraction effects of finite imager aperture sizes, and system noise. Phenomena in experimentally acquired images in the 94 GHz atmospheric transmission window are quantified from three scenarios. These are a helicopter landing site as viewed by the pilot, a coastal region showing boats, land and buildings viewed from sea level, and an airfield viewed from directly above. These are compared quantitatively to the simulated scenes from these scenarios, finding agreement between the radiation temperatures to within a few degrees kelvin. These discrepancies are accounted for by the uncertainties in the permittivities of materials in the scene. This paper constitutes the partial validation of a scene simulation capability for PMMW imaging in outdoor scenarios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging: Phenomenology and Scene Simulation

Salmon

2018

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…Hauss et al 13 report the development of an Advanced Radiometric Millimeter-Wave Scene Simulation (ARMSS) code which provides a comprehensive, end-to-end scene simulation capability for interpreting millimeterwave data, establishing scene signatures and evaluating sensor performance. Park et al 14 describe the PMMW scene simulation which considers environmental degradation and sensor effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sensor Simulation in Support of Helicopter Day, Night and All Weather Operation

Ubadike

Jia

Brook

2009

AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference

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This paper presents an implementation of an IIMMW simulator for use in developing a multisensory fusion methodology for Helicopter DNAW operations. The functional modeling approach based on power representation of the simulated sensors is adopted in the simulation. The detailed power and attenuation models are described and the received power from the target and background is converted into intensity values and rendered as an image. The effect of various weather conditions including rain, fog, snow and dust are considered. As a result, some examples of simulated MMW and IR images generated by the simulator are shown.

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“…It is adapted from Advanced Radiometric Millimeter-Wave Scene Simulation (ARMSS) 12. It was originally developed for…”

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confidence: 99%

Computer modeling of Earthshine contamination on the VIIRS solar diffuser

et al. 2005

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The Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), built by Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS) will be one of the primary earth-observing remote-sensing instruments on the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). It will also be installed on the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP). These satellite systems fly in near-circular, sun-synchronous low-earth orbits at altitudes of approximately 830 km. VIIRS has 15 bands designed to measure reflectance with wavelengths between 412 nm and 2250 nm, and an additional 7 bands measuring primarily emissive radiance between 3700nm and 11450 nm.The calibration source for the reflective bands is a solar diffuser (SD) that is illuminated once per orbit as the satellite passes from the dark side to the light side of the earth near the poles. Sunlight enters VIIRS through an opening in the front of the instrument. An attenuation screen covers the opening, but other than this there are no other optical elements between the SD and the sun. The BRDF of the SD and the transmittance of the attenuation screen is measured preflight, and so with knowledge of the angles of incidence, the radiance of the sun can be computed and is used as a reference to produce calibrated reflectances and radiances. Unfortunately, the opening also allows a significant amount of reflected earthshine to illuminate part of the SD, and this component introduces radiometric error to the calibration process, referred to as earthshine contamination (ESC). The VIIRS radiometric error budget allocated a 0.3% error based on modeling of the ESC done by SBRS during the design phase. This model assumes that the earth has Lambertian BRDF with a maximum top-of-atmosphere albedo of 1.The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has an SD with a design similar to VIIRS, and in 2003 the MODIS Science Team reported to Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST), the prime contractor for NPOESS, their suspicion that ESC was causing higher than expected radiometric error, and asked whether VIIRS might have a similar problem. The NPOESS Models and Simulation (M&S) team considered whether the Lambertian BRDF assumption would cause an underestimating of the ESC error. Particularly, snow, ice and water show very large BRDFs for geometries for forward scattered, near-grazing angles of incidence, and in common parlance this is called glare. The observed earth geometry during the period where the SD is illuminated by the sun has just such geometries that produce strongly forward scattering glare. In addition the SD acquisition occurs in the polar regions, where snow, ice and water are most prevalent. Using models in their Environmental Products Verification and Remote Sensing Testbed (EVEREST) ‡ , the M&S team produced a model that meticulously traced the light rays from the attenuation screen to each detector and combined this with a model of the satellite orbit, with solar geometry and radiative transfer models that include the effect of the BRDF of various surfaces. This model...

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<title>Advanced radiometric millimeter-wave scene simulation: ARMSS</title>

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Outdoor Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging: Phenomenology and Scene Simulation

Outdoor Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging: Phenomenology and Scene Simulation

Multiple Sensor Simulation in Support of Helicopter Day, Night and All Weather Operation

Computer modeling of Earthshine contamination on the VIIRS solar diffuser

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