<p>The influence of female mice age on biodistribution and biocompatibility of citrate-coated magnetic nanoparticles</p>

Abstract

Background: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been successfully tested for several purposes in medical applications. However, knowledge concerning the effects of nanostructures on elderly organisms is remarkably scarce. Purpose: To fill part of this gap, this work aimed to investigate biocompatibility and biodistribution aspects of magnetic nanoparticles coated with citrate (NpCit) in both elderly and young healthy mice. Methods: NpCit (2.4 mg iron) was administered intraperitoneally, and its toxicity was evaluated for 28 days through clinical, biochemical, hematological, and histopathological examinations. In addition, its biodistribution was evaluated by spectrometric (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) and histological methods. Results: NpCit presented age-dependent effects, inducing very slight and temporary biochemical and hematological changes in young animals. These changes were even weaker than the effects of the aging process, especially those related to the hematological data, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide levels. On the other hand, NpCit showed a distinct set of results in the elderly group, sometimes reinforcing (decrease of lymphocytes and increase of monocytes) and sometimes opposing (erythrocyte parameters and cytokine levels) the aging changes. Leukocyte changes were still observed on the 28th day after treatment in the elderly group. Slight evidence of a decrease in liver and immune functions was detected in elderly mice treated or not treated with NpCit. It was noted that tissue damage or clinical changes related to aging or to the NpCit treatment were not observed. As detected for aging, the pattern of iron biodistribution was significantly different after NpCit administration: extra iron was detected until the 28th day, but in different organs of elderly (liver and kidneys) and young (spleen, liver, and lungs) mice. Conclusion: Taken together, the data show NpCit to be a stable and reasonably biocompatible sample, especially for young mice, and thus appropriate for biomedical applications. The data showed important differences after NpCit treatment related to the animals' age, and this emphasizes the need for further studies in older animals to appropriately extend the benefits of nanotechnology to the elderly population.

Halofuginone-guided nano-local therapy: Nano-thermosensitive hydrogels for postoperative metastatic canine mammary carcinoma with scar removal

“…Halofuginone leads to toxicity by inducing apoptosis; however, HTPM or HTPM-gel decreased halofuginone toxicity. To predict the injury of main organs in nude mice, hematological indicators were tested such as HGB and PLT, and biochemistry parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aminotransferase (AST) ( Pinheiro et al, 2019 ). Compared with the Blank-gel, the physiological index such as HGB of the SD rats treated with HTPM-gel showed no obvious changes ( Fig.…”

BaGdF5 Nanophosphors Doped with Different Concentrations of Eu3+ for Application in X-ray Photodynamic Therapy

“…Prior to the in vivo CT imaging we estimated the X-ray attenuation capability of the synthesized materials by comparison with commercial iodine-based nonionic contrast agent Optiray-350 ® . For these purposes, we chose citrate-coated BaGdF 5 : 10% Eu 3+ due to the known positive effect of citrate coating on the biocompatibility of nanoparticles [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. An aqueous solution of nanoparticles and the commercial Optiray contrast agent were prepared with different concentrations of I and heavy elements in the nanoparticle core, namely Ba and Gd (44.5 mM, 31.1 mM, 18 mM), and X-ray attenuation efficiency was verified.…”

Opportunities and Challenges for Nanotherapeutics for the Aging Population

“…Old mice had greater Fe NP retention in the liver and kidney while young mice predominantly retained Fe NPs within the spleen. Comparing old and young mice, greater iron NP uptake was observed in the lung, brain, spleen and liver of older mice, however no differences in clinical or histological outcomes were observed between the age groups (Pinheiro et al, 2019). Another study examined silica NPs to limit age-related bone loss (Weitzmann et al, 2015).…”