<p>The Expressions of Keratins and P63 in Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland: An Application of Raman Spectroscopy</p>

Abstract

Purpose: Primary squamous cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy in the thyroid gland (SCCTh). The overall prognosis of this carcinoma is poor. This study aimed to explore the application of Raman spectroscopy in investigating the expression of CK5/6 and P63 in SCCTh. Patients and Methods: Tissues of the SCCTh and adjacent normal thyroid, as well as blood serum, were collected from a patient with pathology-confirmed SCCTh. Whole genome sequencing analysis was performed with the tissue of the SCCTh. The expressions of keratins and TP53 family gene were investigated by the Raman spectroscopy in tissues of the SCCTh and adjacent normal thyroid. The serum was also investigated by the Raman spectroscopy for the expression of keratins and TP53 family gene. Results: The whole genome sequencing analysis identified the mutation of the TP53 gene (42%) in the tissues of SCCTh. Accordingly, the Raman spectra analyses showed higher expression of keratins and TP53 family gene in the tissues of SCCTh compared with that in the adjacent normal thyroid. Raman spectra analyses of the serum of the patient also showed the expressions of the keratins and TP53 family gene. Conclusion: The expressions of the keratins and TP53 are different in the tissues of SCCTh and adjacent normal thyroid, and the difference could be identified with high sensitivity by the Raman spectra analyses.

Serum laser Raman spectroscopy as a potential diagnostic tool to discriminate the benignancy or malignancy of pulmonary nodules

“…As previously reported, the peaks of 1030 cm −1 were also visible on the Raman spectrum of the serum, representing the expression of the keratin in the patient’s serum. 20 Same in our research, multiple proteins changed in serum of malignant patients reflecting on the spectra peaks, while more nucleic acids, amino acid, and lipid might also change the spectra peaks. As a result, the diagnostic model could be constructed using spectra peaks without general pictures of the biophysical origins, as generality in same set and specificity in different set of the spectra figures could be analyzed using machine learning.…”

“…While keratin was reported visible at the peaks of 1030 cm −1 on the Raman spectrum of the serum, it might explain the significant difference between benignancy and malignancy around the peaks of 1030 cm −1 . 20 And the reflection of intermediate filament protein on Raman spectrum and the other significant different spectra would be analyzed in the next work.…”

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report

“…Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is a thyroid malignancy with extremely rare incidence, and the clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for this disease have no consensus ( 4 ). The biological behavior of ThyPSCC is aggressive, and the prognosis is poor, with a median overall survival of 4–24 months, which depends on the different tumor grades ( 1 ).…”

“…Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (ThyPSCC) is a rare thyroid malignancy with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis, comprising ∼0.1-1% of all primary thyroid carcinomas (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Owing to the rapidly progressing and highly invasive nature of the malignancy, patients with ThyPSCC often present at an advanced stage and are difficult to diagnose in the early stage because of its rare incidence and lack of typical imaging findings (7,8).…”

Progress in diagnosing and treating thyroid squamous cell carcinoma under the 5th edition of WHO classification

“…p53 overexpression is an indicator of poor differentiation ( 55 ). Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze TP53 gene mutations in tumor tissues of these patients, and the mutation frequency was as high as 42% ( 57 ). P63 is a transcription factor of the p53 gene family, and P63 has been widely used as a lineage marker for squamous cell carcinoma.…”