&lt;p&gt;The association of maternal diabetes with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis&lt;/p&gt;

Zhao, Liang; Li, Xuesong; Liu, Guanying; Bao-ling, Han; Wang, Jian; Jiang, Xia

doi:10.2147/ndt.s189200

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Maternal obesity was associated with increased ADHD risk (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 , RR 1.64 [1.57–1.73]), compared to overweight state (BMI 25–30 kg/m 2 RR 1.28 [1.17–1.40] 39 ) suggesting a dose-dependent increase in risk 10 , 40 . Findings relating gestational diabetes and ADHD in offspring were mixed, but pre-eclampsia showed increased odds of ADHD 17 , 41 , 42 (Supplementary Table 4 ). Maternal prenatal smoking was associated with ADHD in children 43 – 45 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a cause or consequence of common problems of humanity including obesity, stress, depression, pollution and disease states such as autoimmunity, asthma, and infection. Maternal immune activation (MIA), triggered by both acute and systemic chronic inflammation, is hypothesized to be one of the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Although there is substantial preclinical evidence to support the MIA hypothesis, the human evidence is disparate. We performed a systematic review on human studies examining associations between maternal inflammatory states and offspring NDDs (autism spectrum disorder- ASD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-ADHD, Tourette syndrome-TS). 32 meta-analyses and 26 additional individual studies were identified. Maternal states associated with ASD include obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, pollution, stress, depression, autoimmune diseases, and infection. Maternal states associated with ADHD include obesity, pre-eclampsia, smoking, low socioeconomic status (SES), stress, autoimmune disease, and asthma. Maternal states associated with TS include low SES, depression, and autoimmune diseases. Diverse maternal inflammatory states in pregnancy are associated with common offspring NDDs. Given the increased prevalence of NDDs, there is urgent need to explore relative and cumulative maternal risk factors and disease mechanisms. Defining preventable risk factors in high-risk pregnancies could mitigate the expression and severity of NDDs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 39 ) suggesting a dose-dependent increase in risk 10,40 . Findings relating gestational diabetes and ADHD in offspring were mixed, but pre-eclampsia showed increased odds of ADHD 17,41,42 (Supplementary Table 4). Maternal prenatal smoking was associated with ADHD in children [43][44][45] .…”

Section: Maternal Inflammatory States and Attention Deficit Hyperactimentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…An increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children born to mothers with GDM (risk ratio: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.42–2.81, 985,984 children) has been shown in a meta-analysis [33]. Notably, a large-sample US study suggests that severe GDM requiring antidiabetic medications was associated with increased ADHD risk (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14–1.41) in children (median age: 4.9 years) compared to the non-exposed group [34].…”

Section: Offspring Neurocognitive Development and Behavioural Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Developmental Programming

Chu

Godfrey

2020

Ann Nutr Metab

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During normal pregnancy, increased insulin resistance acts as an adaptation to enhance materno-foetal nutrient transfer and meet the nutritional needs of the developing foetus, particularly in relation to glucose requirements. However, about 1 in 6 pregnancies worldwide is affected by the inability of the mother’s metabolism to maintain normoglycaemia, with the combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion resulting in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A growing body of epidemiologic work demonstrates long-term implications for adverse offspring health resulting from exposure to GDM in utero. The effect of GDM on offspring obesity and cardiometabolic health may be partly influenced by maternal obesity; this suggests that improving glucose and weight control during early pregnancy, or better still before conception, has the potential to lessen the risk to the offspring. The consequences of GDM for microbiome modification in the offspring and the impact upon offspring immune dysregulation are actively developing research areas. Some studies have suggested that GDM impacts offspring neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes; confirmatory studies will need to separate the effect of GDM exposure from the complex interplay of social and environmental factors. Animal and human studies have demonstrated the role of epigenetic modifications in underpinning the predisposition to adverse health in offspring exposed to suboptimal hyperglycaemic in utero environment. To date, several epigenome-wide association studies in human have extended our knowledge on linking maternal diabetes-related DNA methylation marks with childhood adiposity-related outcomes. Identification of such epigenetic marks can help guide future research to develop candidate diagnostic biomarkers and preventive or therapeutic strategies. Longer-term interventions and longitudinal studies will be needed to better understand the causality, underlying mechanisms, or impact of GDM treatments to optimize the health of future generations.

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“…Furthermore, a meta-analysis of several studies has verified an association between GDM and the incidence of ASD in the offspring 10 . In addition, GDM may be associated with a more wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 11 . These studies suggest that even the acute effects of gestational diabetes may have an effect on neurodevelopment and behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational diabetes induces behavioral and brain gene transcription dysregulation in adult offspring

et al. 2020

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The etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) includes a strong genetic component and a complicated environmental component. Recent evidence indicates that maternal diabetes, including gestational diabetes, is associated with an increased prevalence of ASD. While previous studies have looked into possible roles for maternal diabetes in neurodevelopment, there are few studies into how gestational diabetes, with no previous diabetic or metabolic phenotype, may affect neurodevelopment. In this study, we have specifically induced gestational diabetes in mice, followed by behavioral and molecular phenotyping of the mice offspring. Pregnant mice were injected with STZ a day after initiation of pregnancy. Glucose levels increased to diabetic levels between E7 and E14 in pregnancy in a subset of the pregnant animals. Male offspring of Gestational Diabetic mothers displayed increased repetitive behaviors with no dysregulation in the three-chambered social interaction test. RNA-seq analysis revealed a dysregulation in genes related to forebrain development in the frontal cortex and a dysregulation of a network of neurodevelopment and immune related genes in the striatum. Together, these results give evidence that gestational diabetes can induce changes in adulthood behavior and gene transcription in the brain.

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<p>The association of maternal diabetes with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis</p>

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review

Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Developmental Programming

Gestational diabetes induces behavioral and brain gene transcription dysregulation in adult offspring

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