<p>Stigmasterol Exerts Neuro-Protective Effect Against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Through Reduction Of Oxidative Stress And Inactivation Of Autophagy</p>

Abstract

PurposeStroke remains the primary cause of pain, suffering, and death in patients. One of the major thrusts in stroke therapy is to find an effective prevention strategy. Objectives of this study are to testify the neuro-protection effect of stigmasterol in ischemic/reperfusion injury model.MethodsThe dosage-dependent effects (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) of stigmasterol on physiological behaviors and oxidative stress biomarkers were investigated. Expression and phosphorylation of beclin1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mTOR, and N-terminal kinase (JNK) were detected.ResultsThe results showed that stigmasterol was able to effectively reduce neurological deficits and infarct damage induced by the ischemic/reperfusion injury, improve histopathology changes, and restore the levels of the endogenous antioxidant defense system in a dose–response mode. Stigmasterol effectively depressed the expression level of beclin1, and the conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II, while promoted the phosphorylation of mTOR, and remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK and JNK, as well as the expression of JNK induced by 24 hrs of reperfusion.ConclusionThese findings reveal that stigmasterol has neuro-protective effect against the ischemic/reperfusion injury, possibly associated with reduction of oxidative stress and inactivation of autophagy via AMPK/mTOR and JNK pathways.

The Anti-apoptosis Effect of Single Electroacupuncture Treatment via Suppressing Neuronal Autophagy in the Acute Stage of Ischemic Stroke Without Infarct Alleviation

“…In a normal physiological state, the autophagy level in cells is always low; however, it may be significantly activated in response to nutritional deficiency (Sato et al, 2019 ), oxidative stress (Sun et al, 2019 ), and immune response (Padhi et al, 2019 ). Extensive and excessive autophagy may damage cellular components and ultimately cause cell death (Zhao et al, 2010 ).…”

Stigmasterol alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammation and improving antioxidant defenses in rats

“…Therefore, increasing the supply of oxygen and blood in ischemic brain tissue early in the time window is the key to the prevention and treatment of ischemic brain injury [13,14]. Previous studies have found that stigmasterol effectively depressed the expression level of beclin1, and the conversion of LC3 I into LC3 II, while promoted the phosphorylation of mTOR, and remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK and JNK, as well as the expression of JNK [15]. In our study, stigmasterol alleviates cerebral I/R injury by attenuating inflammation and improving antioxidant defenses in rats by NF-κB p65 pathway.…”

Investigating the Multitarget Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription for Cancer‐Related Pain by Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach

“…Recent studies have shown that in inflammatory animal models, transcutaneous cholesterol delivery can alleviate allergic reactions and cholesterol homeostasis can help regulate inflammation and pain [ 53 ]. Increasing cholesterol content can inhibit the expression of PTGS2 and the secretion of PG [ 54 ], while decreasing cholesterol content can enhance p38 MAPK and inflammatory activity [ 55 ]. In molecular docking research, we found that cholesterol contained in GTF can stably target PTGS2, p38 MAPK, and TRPV1, which may play an analgesic role through MAPK and chemokine pathways.…”