<p>Stem-cell therapy for ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats: a comparison of three treatment modalities</p>

Abstract

Background: Recent studies have shown that ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats can be reversed by infusion of osteoblasts cultured from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study compares the influence of MSCs, osteoblasts, and exosomes derived from osteoblasts for the treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: Osteoporosis was induced in 40 female Sprague Dawley rats by performing ovariectomy. After 12 weeks, bone marrow was harvested and MSCs separated from bone-marrow aspirate as described by Piao et al. After 15 days, autologous osteogenically differentiated cells from the MSCs were available. Exosomes were isolated from osteoblasts by modification of the technique described by Ge et al. MSCs and osteoblasts (10 6 cells in 0.5 mL normal saline) and exosomes (100 µg protein) were injected into the tail veins of the animals. Animals were euthanized after 12 weeks and femurs and lumbar spines dissected and analyzed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Results: When compared to the control group, osteoblast-treated animals showed significant differences in all parameters compared, with P -values ranging between <0.002 and <0.0001. Comparison among osteoblasts, MSCs, and exosomes, showed that osteoblasts had positive and statistically significant new-bone formation. The comparison for the spine was similar to the distal femur for osteoblasts. Conclusion: This study showed robust positive bone-forming changes after osteoblast injection in the distal femur and the spine when compared to controls, MSCs, and exosomes.

Ozone therapy with local cellular immune modulation and disc progenitor cell implant is safe, effective and efficient

“…Between the new approaches intended to solve this medical necessity cellular therapy emerge as one that may have large application [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. The DDD is a problematic scenario for tissue regeneration due to the harsh microenvironment that resident cells are immersed [54,56].…”

“…It is very important to when they were used to treat early stages of disc degeneration [56,58]. There was also reported that tissue specifi c progenitor cells seem to be more effective than MSC [56][57][58].…”

“…Detailed basic research on IVD cells and their niche indicates that transplanted cells are unable to survive and adapt in the avascular, collagen 1 fi brotic and highly pro-apoptotic in the niche of the DDD. As confi rmation of these assumptions, animal and human data on the regenerative potential of injected chondrocytes or disc cells are promising for regeneration of early IVD degeneration [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. It is felt that the microenvironment of the IVD in acute patients remains healthy and allows the engraftment, growth and differentiation of the implanted cells.…”

“…It is felt that the microenvironment of the IVD in acute patients remains healthy and allows the engraftment, growth and differentiation of the implanted cells. [56][57][58][59][60] Based on these concepts, combining local cellular immune modulation with specifi c cellular progenitor cells [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68], for chronic fi brotic pathologies, have induced the simultaneous recovery of parenchymal cells and ECM as well as their mutual integration in different clinical settings [69][70][71][72][73].…”

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Ovariectomized Osteoporotic Rats Based on Micro-CT and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Stem cell transplantation is proposed as a potential treatment strategy for patients with osteoporosis [8]. Some experimental studies have been conducted in animal models of osteoporosis to evaluate the therapeutic effect of stem cell transplantation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Stem cells used in animal models of osteoporosis include bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) [21], adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) [16], amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (AM-MSCs) [12], and human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) [20].…”