<p>Self-Assembly Nanoparticles for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance and Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photothermal Synergistic Cancer Therapy</p>

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy and single modal therapy remains unsatisfied for the eradication of tumor, which are major obstacles in cancer therapy. This novel system with excellent characteristics for inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imagingguided chemo-photothermal therapy (PTT), has been identified as a promising way to MDR and achieve synergistic cancer therapy. Methods: In this study, we successfully synthesized a multifunctional theranostic system, which was developed through FDA-approved self-assembling drugs, which contain anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox), imaging and high photothermal conversion drug indocyanine green (ICG) and P-gp regulator TPGS (the system named T/Dox-ICG). We studied the characterization of T/Dox-ICG NPs, including the TEM, SEM, DLS, UV-vis-NIR, zeta potential, CLSM, in vitro FL imaging, in vitro photothermal effect, in vitro Dox and ICG release. We used CLSM to verify the location of intracellular distribution of Dox in SCG 7901/VCR cells, Western blot was performed to demonstrate the TPGS-mediated inhibition of P-gp. And, the cytotoxicity of materials against SCG 7901/VCR cells was studied by the MTT assay. Results: The TEM showed the T/Dox-ICG NPs had good monodispersity with diameters of 19.03 nm, Dox and ICG could be released constantly from T/Dox-ICG NPs in vitro. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated higher Dox accumulation and retention in the nucleus. Western blot showed TPGS could obviously inhibit the expression of P-gp. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed more significant cytotoxicity on MDR cells (SCG 7901/VCR) with only 8.75% of cells surviving. Conclusion: MDR cancer therapy indicates that it may be important to develop a safer system that can simultaneously inhibit the drug transporters and monitor the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, and combination therapy have raised widespread concern on tumor treatment.

Enhanced Apoptosis by Functionalized Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide and Gold Nanocomposites in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

“… 1 , 2 Among these ailments, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases requiring a challenging task of developing innovative therapeutic strategies. 3 Besides resistance to the drugs, the therapeutic treatment of cancer also involves a major obstacle, which is the development of undesired side effects and complications. In this regard, the strategy for inducing apoptosis using novel therapeutic agents has gained considerable attention in cancer treatment.…”

“…Nowadays, increasing cases of multidrug resistant diseases are a cause of serious concern among scientists and medical professionals, which demands immediate solutions, including the development of novel therapeutic agents. , Among these ailments, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases requiring a challenging task of developing innovative therapeutic strategies . Besides resistance to the drugs, the therapeutic treatment of cancer also involves a major obstacle, which is the development of undesired side effects and complications.…”

Strategies and Mechanism in Reversing Intestinal Drug Efflux in Oral Drug Delivery

“…In addition, TPGS is also an excellent agent that increases solubility of drugs and improves nano-formulations stability. The proven specific mechanisms of TPGS inhibiting P-gp include decreasing P-gp expressional amount, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, depleting ATP and inhibiting P-gp-ATPase activity [63][64][65][66]. Owing to its P-gp inhibiting effect, amphiphilicity and degradability, TPGS has been widely used to prepare multiple nano-formulations to improve drug oral availability.…”

Assembled small organic molecules for photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy

“…Based on this type of co-assembly (T/DOX-ICG), combination cancer therapy can be achieved. 75 For treating neuroblastoma, a strategy "photothermal immunotherapy" was developed by Fernandes et al Thus, anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibition was also performed while PTT based on self-assembled Prussian blue nanoparticle (PBNP) was carrying out. For neuroblastoma animal model, photothermal immunotherapy results in obvious long-term surviving.…”