Assembled small organic molecules for photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy

Sun, Lixin; Wang, Jian; Yang, Baochan; Wang, Xinxin; Yang, Gengxiang; Wang, Xiqian; Jiang, Yuying; Wang, Tianyu; Jiang, Jianzhuang

doi:10.1039/d1ra00579k

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The review also highlights the potential of homosorted donor–acceptor stacks in designing organic electronics with ambipolar/selective directional charge carrier properties offering novel initiatives in the area of cutting-edge electronics. The improved photoinduced charge carrier generation efficiency via charge delocalization/antiparallel charge migration across D–A stacks, the consequent long-living trait of the charge separated state, and the easy tunability of redox potentials and photophysical characteristics render self-sorted D–A systems promising candidates in the field of photoredox catalysis. , The emergent optoelectronic properties of supramolecular D–A based architectures can be exploited for multifarious purposes including photodynamic/photothermal therapy, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), imaging, photodetectors, etc. − Furthermore, the highlight on design strategies to attain appropriate architectures and the scope of their application can galvanize new directions and opportunities into the domain of functional organic materials …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor–Acceptor Conjugates

et al. 2021

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Inspired by the high photoconversion efficiency observed in natural light-harvesting systems, the hierarchical organization of molecular building blocks has gained impetus in the past few decades. Particularly, the molecular arrangement and packing in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered significant attention due to the decisive role of the nature of donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions in charge carrier generation and ultimately the power conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the recent developments in emergent optoelectronic properties exhibited by self-sorted donor-on-donor/acceptor-on-acceptor arrangement of covalently linked D–A systems, highlighting the ultrafast excited state dynamics of charge transfer and transport. Segregated organization of donors and acceptors promotes the delocalization of photoinduced charges among the stacks, engendering an enhanced charge separation lifetime and percolation pathways with ambipolar conductivity and charge carrier yield. Covalently linking donors and acceptors ensure a sufficient D–A interface and interchromophoric electronic coupling as required for faster charge separation while providing better control over their supramolecular assemblies. The design strategies to attain D–A conjugate assemblies with optimal charge carrier generation efficiency, the scope of their application compared to state-of-the-art OSCs, current challenges, and future opportunities are discussed in the review. An integrated overview of rational design approaches derived from the comprehension of underlying photoinduced processes can pave the way toward superior optoelectronic devices and bring in new possibilities to the avenue of functional supramolecular architectures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor–Acceptor Conjugates

et al. 2021

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“…Supramolecular assemblies are of considerable interest in the field of nanomedicine because they may be prepared using facile “bottom-up” methods and tuned at the molecular level. 16 − 19 Nano-sized supramolecular assemblies, such as porphyrin-peptide assembled nanodots 20 and pillararene, 21 demonstrated the potential in photomedicine. Numerous supramolecular assemblies based on small molecules were designed to overcome the various limitations of PDT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supramolecular assemblies are of considerable interest in the field of nanomedicine because they may be prepared using facile “bottom-up” methods and tuned at the molecular level. − Nano-sized supramolecular assemblies, such as porphyrin-peptide assembled nanodots and pillararene, demonstrated the potential in photomedicine. Numerous supramolecular assemblies based on small molecules were designed to overcome the various limitations of PDT. − These materials exhibit cancer-selective, biocompatible, and light-absorbing properties due to the molecular-level design of the constituents and functional molecule hybridization via non-covalent bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescein-Based Type I Supramolecular Photosensitizer via Induction of Charge Separation by Self-Assembly

Shigemitsu

Ohkubo

Sato

et al. 2022

JACS Au

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Photosensitizers (PSs) are critical substances with considerable potential for use in non-invasive photomedicine. Type I PSs, which generate reactive radical species by electron transfer from the excited state induced via photoirradiation, attracted much attention because of their suitability for photodynamic therapy (PDT) irrespective of the oxygen concentration. However, most organic PSs are type II, which activates only oxygen, generating singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) via energy transfer from the triplet state. Here, we proposed a strategy to form type I supramolecular PSs (SPSs) utilizing the charge-separated state induced by self-assembly. This was demonstrated using a supramolecular assembly of fluorescein, which is a type II PS in the monomeric state; however, it changes to a type I SPS via self-assembly. The switching mechanism from type II to I via self-assembly was clarified using photophysical and electrochemical analyses, with the type I SPS exhibiting significant PDT effects on cancer cells. This study provides a promising approach for the development of type I PSs based on supramolecular assemblies.

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“…In addition, new treatment methods based on functional materials with unique physicochemical properties have emerged in large numbers to achieve more accurate, efficient, and non-invasive cancer treatment. For example, photosensitizers (PSs) have excellent light absorption and conversion abilities, which can convert exogenous light energy into hyperthermia for photothermal therapy (PTT) or catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. More interestingly, the tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive nano-drug delivery systems (DDS) based on the complex characteristics of TME, such as acidic pH, reduction conditions, hypoxia, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) overexpression, have been used in tumor specific therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nano-Drug Delivery System Based on Cascade Technology in Cancer Treatment

Sun

2021

IJMS

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In the current cancer treatment, various combination therapies have been widely used, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with chemokinetic therapy (CDT). However, due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the limitations of treatment, the efficacy of current treatment options for some cancers is unsatisfactory. Nowadays, cascade technology has been used in cancer treatment and achieved good therapeutic effect. Cascade technology based on nanotechnology can trigger cascade reactions under specific tumor conditions to achieve precise positioning and controlled release, or amplify the efficacy of each drug to improve anticancer efficacy and reduce side effects. Compared with the traditional treatment, the application of cascade technology has achieved the controllability, specificity, and effectiveness of cancer treatment. This paper reviews the application of cascade technology in drug delivery, targeting, and release via nano-drug delivery systems in recent years, and introduces their application in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cancer treatment. Finally, we briefly describe the current challenges and prospects of cascade technology in cancer treatment in the future.

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Assembled small organic molecules for photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy

Abstract: The hierarchical supramolecular assembly of small organic molecules has been developed for their use as photosensitizers or photothermal agents for PDT and PTT.

Cited by 30 publications

References 85 publications

Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor–Acceptor Conjugates

Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor–Acceptor Conjugates

Fluorescein-Based Type I Supramolecular Photosensitizer via Induction of Charge Separation by Self-Assembly

Application of Nano-Drug Delivery System Based on Cascade Technology in Cancer Treatment

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