<p>Recurrent corneal erosion: a comprehensive review</p>

Abstract

Purpose To comprehensively review the literature regarding recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) and to present treatment options and recommendations for management. Overview RCE usually presents with sharp, unilateral pain upon awakening, in an eye with an underlying basement membrane dystrophy, prior ocular trauma, stromal dystrophy or degeneration, or prior surgery for refractive errors, cataracts, or corneal transplantation. Making the correct diagnosis requires a careful slit-lamp examination of both eyes coupled with a high degree of suspicion. Several treatments are commonly used for RCE but new therapies have been introduced recently. Conservative treatment consists of antibiotic and preservative-free lubricating drops, with topical cycloplegics and oral analgesics to control pain. Patients who are unresponsive to these therapies may benefit from therapeutic bandage contact lenses (BCL). Newer therapies include oral matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors, blood-derived eye drops, amniotic membrane graft application, and judicious application of topical corticosteroids. Once the epithelium is healed, a course of hypertonic saline solution and/or ointment can be used. Surgical procedures may be performed in patients who fail conservative therapy. Punctal occlusion with plugs increases the tear film volume. Epithelial debridement with diamond burr polishing (DBP), anterior stromal puncture (ASP), or alcohol delamination should be considered in selected patients. DBP can be used for patients with basement membrane dystrophies and is the preferred treatment overall due to a low recurrence rate. ASP can be used for erosions outside the central visual axis. Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy is an attractive option in eyes with central RCE since it precisely removes tissue while preserving corneal transparency. In patients with RCE who are also candidates for refractive surgery, photorefractive keratectomy can be considered. Summary Newly introduced therapies for RCE enable therapy to be individualized and lower the recurrence rate.

Cataract surgery and dry eye disease: A review

“…Post-operative management of DED is crucial in ensuring that tear film homeostasis is preserved as much as possible and to avoid long-term adverse effects of the ocular surface. Considering the great regularity with which cataract surgery is undertaken, 1 – 3 the associated high patient expectations 4 , 5 and high frequency of occurrence of DED 21 , 22 the finding of only 58 publications directly addressing DED in relation to cataract surgery is surprising and suggests that this problem might be overlooked by clinicians and requires much further investigation.…”

Acellular Amniotic Membrane Patch Regeneration for Burn Injury: The Future for Wound Healing

“…Acellular amniotic membrane (AM) patch has been used in various surgeries, because it contains essential proangiogenic growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that also promote endogenous mechanisms of repair and regeneration, such as angiogenesis or vasculogenesis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

“…Another advantage of AM fundamental for use in tissue engineering are its anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antis-caring, immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic, hemocompatibility and low immunogenicity property [15][16][17][18].…”

“…The most common use of this material is in the retina reconstructive surgery; osteogenesis, recovery of eye burns and ulcers, since they are a more complex healing process and with high chances of infection during the procedure. The goal of treatment of wounds resulting from burns are, remove devitalized tissue and cover the wound, in which there is a great risk of colonized open lesions can cause sepsis [17].…”

Recurrent corneal erosion image by scanning electron microscopy

“…[ 2 3 ] The trauma induces a lack of attachment of cell-to-cell or cell-to-matrix causing a disruption. [ 4 ]…”