<p>Psychometric Properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale Among Saudi University Male Students</p>

Abstract

Background: Various screening tools have been designed and developed to identify individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study aimed to assess the psychometric validation of the GAD-7 in Saudi university male students. Methods: Healthy university male students (n= 192) participated in this cross-sectional study. All the participants were informed about the study details. Participants were asked to complete the GAD-7, the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and demographic details. Results: In general, the range of the GAD total score was 0-21. There was no issue of the ceiling or floor effects as only 12.5% of participants reported the minimum score of 0, and none of the participants reported the maximum score of 21. The internal consistency score of the GAD-7 was found to be good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83). The internal homogeneity between item scores was 0.22-0.57 as indicated by the "Spearman correlation coefficient (r)". The total scores and individual item scores of the GAD-7 were statistically associated with the PSS total score (correlation coefficient r = 0.21-0.37), and scores of the 8th and 13th item of the SHI (correlation coefficient r = 0.17-0.26, and 0.21-0.40, respectively). The exploratory factor and confirmatory factor loadings of the GAD-7 items were ranged from 0.60 to 0.81 and 0.51 to 0.80, respectively. Conclusion: This study supported the use of the GAD-7 to assess the anxiety level among Saudi university students.

Insomnia May Mediate the Relationship Between Stress and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study in University Students

“…It is a brief measure with seven items; each of these items is scored on an ordinal scale of 0–3, where ‘0ʹ represents “not at all” and ‘3ʹ represents “nearly every day”. 20 , 21 A total score for the scale henceforth is referred to as GAD total score; it is generated by adding scores for all the seven items. GAD total score may range from 0 to 21; a higher score implies increasing severity of anxiety complaints.…”

Anxiety Symptoms Are Associated With Higher Psychological Stress, Poor Sleep, and Inadequate Sleep Hygiene in Collegiate Young Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Generalized Anxiety Disorder − 7 Scale GAD-7 scale is a succinct but scrupulously validated inventory to examine anxiety symptoms (17)(18)(19). It has been shown to have sufficient diagnostic validity for vetting a wide-array of anxiety-related disorders: "GAD, panic disorder, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder" (18).…”

Relationship between anxiety and insomnia in clinical clerkship students during COVID-19 pandemic

“…The ISI score was interpreted as absence of insomnia (0-7), subthreshold insomnia (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderate insomnia (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and severe insomnia (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28); with excellent reliability and validity among university student 12 . GAD-7 score was categorized into minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), and severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). A score of ≥10 held a possibility of clinically diagnosed GAD, and is reliable and valid to use among university students 13 .…”

“…GAD-7 score was categorized into minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), and severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). A score of ≥10 held a possibility of clinically diagnosed GAD, and is reliable and valid to use among university students 13 . Referring to the score, in this study we simplified our finding into 'No Insomnia' and 'Insomnia' with cutoff point of 8 in ISI, and 'No Anxiety' and 'Anxiety' with cutoff point of 10.…”