&lt;p&gt;Prevalence and Predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Survivors Over 12 Years After the Bam Earthquake&lt;/p&gt;

Divsalar, Parisa; Dehesh, Tania

doi:10.2147/ndt.s252730

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, Zhang et al reported that after the 512 Wenchuan earthquake in China, the 30 40-years-old age group reported more PTSD than other age groups (61). Also, Koirala et al observed that the 31-45-years-old age group was susceptible to PTSD (60), and Divsalar et al also observed similar results 12 years after the Bam earthquake in Iran (62). Our results are consistent with those previous results.…”

Section: Correlates Of Ptss Specific For Non-depressed Controlssupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSS Between Chinese Patients With Depression and Non-depressed Controls During COVID-19 Outbreak

et al. 2022

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Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic event all over the world, and may lead to post-traumatic stress symptom (PTSS) in different population who are under the threat of novel corona virus. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the prevalence and risk factors of PTSS between Chinese patients with depression and non-depressed controls during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: 437 depressed patients and 2,940 non-depressed controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study between February 14 and May 9, 2020.The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the psychological status of all the participants.Results: The prevalence of PTSS (IES-R ≥ 33) in depressed patients (45.08%) was higher than that in non-depressed controls (5.31%). Patients with depression were 16 times more likely to suffer from PTSS than those without depression. Correlation analyses showed that the IES-R total score was positively correlated with SDS, SAS, and PSQI scores in both depressed and non-depressed groups (Bonferroni corrected all p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SAS score, and PSQI score were independently associated with IES-R total score in both depression and non-depression groups. In depressed patients, education level and duration of media exposure to COVID-19 were positively associated with PTSS, while in the non-depressed group, subjects who were married, in the 31–50 year group or with higher SDS score were more likely to develop PTSS.Conclusions: These results indicate that the prevalence rate of PTSS in patients with depression is very higher than that in subjects without depression. PTSS are associated with a number of socio-demographic and clinical variables.

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Section: Correlates Of Ptss Specific For Non-depressed Controlssupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSS Between Chinese Patients With Depression and Non-depressed Controls During COVID-19 Outbreak

et al. 2022

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“…However, findings on age differences in victims exposed to the same event or event type, in this case natural disasters, still differ substantially. Again, studies have reported older participants to have higher levels of PTSD (Adhikari Baral & Bhagawati, 2019; Chung et al, 2017; Divsalar & Dehesh, 2020; Jia et al, 2010; Suar et al, 2007; Zhou et al, 2013), no age differences (Cofini et al, 2015; Hirschel & Schulenberg, 2009; Kohn et al, 2005; Lai et al, 2004; Rafiey et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2015), and younger participants to be at higher risk (Acierno et al, 2006; Cénat & Derivois, 2014; Dell'Osso et al, 2013; Frankenberg et al, 2008; Galea et al, 2007). Reviews and meta-analyses also differ in their conclusions.…”

Section: Age Differences In Ptsd: Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Is young age a risk factor for PTSD? Age differences in PTSD-symptoms after Hurricane Florence.

Kongshøj¹,

Berntsen²

2023

Traumatology

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Age differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are widely researched, but findings remain inconclusive. The mixed findings may in part result from sampling participants exposed to different trauma types at different times. Here, we controlled for this issue by sampling participants exposed to the same devastating hurricane. A total of 1.5 months after Hurricane Florence (T1), we asked 174 adults living in two severely affected states to describe their hurricane experience and fill in measures of PTSD and event centrality. Then, 7 months after the hurricane (T2), participants were reinvited to the survey, and 98 filled in the same questionnaire. The hurricane descriptions were coded for level of exposure severity. When controlling for trauma characteristics, including level of severity, younger age significantly predicted PTSD at T1 but not T2. When also controlling for event centrality, younger age predicted PTSD at both measurement times. Moreover, from T1 to T2, young adults significantly increased how severely they described their hurricane experience to be, whereas such amplification was absent in the older age groups. Overall, the findings provide some evidence that younger age increase vulnerability for PTSD and increase the perception of trauma severity over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traumatic damage from the Bam earthquake is still noticeable among the survivors after 16 years, with about 40 percent of the participants still experiencing PTSD symptoms, including recurring anxiety, fear of earthquake recurrence, and di culty sleeping. Moreover, 40% of the participants also suffer from depressive symptoms, for which female gender is introduced as one of the risk factors (Divsalar & Dehesh, 2020). Importantly, children and women concerning the demographic speci cations of the participants are considered as "vulnerable groups"(Abbasi Dolatabadi, Seyedin, & Aryankhesal, 2016;Forouzan et al, 2013;Nahar et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Policymakers are recommended to include supporting policies for earthquake survivors' resilience in their public health plans. psychological, physical, and social consequences, especially for women (Montazeri et al, 2005), even after more than a decade (Divsalar & Dehesh, 2020).The earthquake survivors' experiences can be described in the compact concept of trauma. The term psychological 'trauma' refers to any natural and human accident leading to problems such as the loss of a loved one or favored properties, which usually disrupts individuals' adaptive power.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Life, Trauma, and Growth in Adult Female Survivors of Bam Earthquake: The Phenomenology of 16-Year Post-Earthquake Lived Experience

Jafarizadeh¹,

Pourhusein²,

Borghei³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Earthquake, as a natural disaster, is considered to be one of the traumatic events. Considering the concept of trauma and two consequences of the earthquake (namely stress and growth), the present study aimed to delve into the 16-year post-earthquake living experience of adult female Bam earthquake’s survivors and its relationship with their current lives.Methods: This qualitative study was carried out in 2018, in which the interpretive phenomenological analysis method was adopted, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were run. In this study, six 22-34-year-old adult female survivors in the age range of 6-18 years at the time of the Bam Earthquake (2007) were selected using the purposive sampling method. Moreover, thematic analysis was used to extract the themes.Results: The participants’ lives could be depicted using the following themes: life before the earthquake, the moment of the earthquake, the first days after the earthquake, back to life, fear, regret, and excellence after the trauma.Conclusion: According to the findings, the pre-earthquake life and post-earthquake social support, including the same identity of the earthquake (e.g., Bam) survivors, are the significant dimensions making the tolerance of the earthquake experience possible. Moreover, the proximal experiences of fear and regret, as common orientations of traumatized individuals towards the future and the past, were also reflected in this study. Furthermore, all the participants reported Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) experiences in their current personality, indicating the intertwined relationship between traumatic injury and trauma tolerance. This study's findings would provide researchers and practitioners with a deeper understanding of the same population's strengths and weaknesses. Policymakers are recommended to include supporting policies for earthquake survivors’ resilience in their public health plans.

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<p>Prevalence and Predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Survivors Over 12 Years After the Bam Earthquake</p>

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSS Between Chinese Patients With Depression and Non-depressed Controls During COVID-19 Outbreak

Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSS Between Chinese Patients With Depression and Non-depressed Controls During COVID-19 Outbreak

Is young age a risk factor for PTSD? Age differences in PTSD-symptoms after Hurricane Florence.

Life, Trauma, and Growth in Adult Female Survivors of Bam Earthquake: The Phenomenology of 16-Year Post-Earthquake Lived Experience

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