<p>Perceived Self-Efficacy and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Public Hospitals of Western Ethiopia, 2020</p>

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and can be self-managed using five treatment approaches, including education, medical nutrition therapy, physical exercise, pharmacological intervention, and blood sugar monitoring. Improvement of patient compliance and self-efficacy are critical points that impact the self-care behavior in patients with type two diabetes mellitus in order to limit the morbidity and promote glycemic control. Therefore, the present study successfully assesses the effect of perceived self-efficacy and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus at public hospitals of western Ethiopia. Methods: The cross-sectional study design was employed on a sample of 423 diabetic patients. A systematic random sampling method was employed. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used. The data entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window version 24 for analysis. All variables significant at p <0.25 in bivariate were entered into multivariate analysis. The multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with perceived self-efficacy by considering adjusted odds ratio at CI 95% and the significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: Out of 423 participants sampled, 398 participated in the study giving a response rate of 94.1%. The level of perceived good self-efficacy among diabetes patients was 52.5%. Being married (AOR=1.611, 95% CI = 1.003, 2.587), home blood glucose test (AOR=3.359, 95% CI = 1.912,5.903), doing exercise (AOR=11.412, 95% CI = 2.488,52.346), having good appetite (AOR=2.587, 95% CI = 1.454,4.606), having special diet (AOR=4.902, 95% CI= 1.202, 19.992), and good self-care behavior (AOR=10.320, 95% CI= 5.657, 18.824) were significantly associated with good self-efficacy. Conclusion: The level of perceived self-efficacy was high. Home blood glucose tests, good self-care behavior, married, doing exercise, good appetite, having a special diet were significantly associated with high perceived self-efficacy. The national policymaker focused on patients' behavioral change to develop perceived self-efficacy for confidently managing the disease.

Assessment of the Health-Promoting Behaviors of Hospitalized Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases During the Second Wave of COVID-19

“…Suksatan 22 also found that the perceived benefits of adopting HPBs influenced the HPBs of people at risk of hypertension in a rural Thai community (β = 0.402; p < 0.001). Additionally, perceived self-efficacy is a significant factor influencing HPBs and can predict the health outcomes of hospitalization and the quality of life of patients with NCDs (eg, diabetes, 32 hypertension, 33 heart failure, 34 and COPD 35 ).…”

Discriminating Low to High Adherent Type 2 Patients with Diabetes by Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c, Eating Self-Efficacy and Other Psychosocial Determinants: Difference Between Patient and Physician Adherence Models

“…This result coincided with findings reported by Oluma et al and Xie et al who observed the positive impact of living with a partner on improved adherence outcomes. 10 , 14 We reiterate the critical role of personal and social support; patient adherence is often conditional on external influences, dyadic adjustment being one key aspect. While exploring the dynamics between the patient and her partner (if any) is not part of the routine clinical assessment, our results support that complications in the personal relationship can move high adherence patients to become middle or low adherers.…”

“… 5 , 7 , 9 Oluma et al also confirmed that keeping a long-term special diet was strongly associated with increased self-efficacy beliefs. 10 Most importantly, higher levels of HbA1c were linked to the number of occasions eating out (i.e., social eating), situations in which strong dietary self-efficacy should guard patients against not exercising nutritional control. 11 Besides eating self-efficacy, improved weight management self-efficacy was also observed to advance glycemic control and keep food regulation in balance.…”

“…Those living in a relationship or with family had increased self-efficacy and were found to have better treatment adherence compared with those living alone. 10 Xie et al observed that patients with type 2 diabetes living in a family or cohabiting, and with greater self-efficacy, did more physical work-out than peers living alone. 14 Chan et al reported social support indirectly affecting patients’ dietary self-efficacy efforts, but dietary efficacy then exerted a direct influence on glycemic control outcomes.…”

Self-management support of adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the light of healthcare management

“…Self-efficacy refers to the belief of individuals that they have the technical, psychological and knowledge capacity to conduct the essential actions for the implementation of their therapies. In the case of diabetes, it is closely related to glycemic management (4) .…”