<p>Novel cancer therapy targeting microbiome</p>

Abstract

In the human intestinal tract, there are more than 100 trillion symbiotic bacteria, which form the gut microbiota. Approximately 70% of the human immune system is in the intestinal tract, which prevents infection by pathogenic bacteria. When the intestinal microbiota is disturbed, causing dysbiosis, it can lead to obesity, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder and cancer. Recent metabolomics analyses have also made the association between the microbiota and carcinogenesis clear. Here, we review the current evidence on the association between the microbiota and gastric, bladder, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, lung and colorectal cancer. Moreover, several animal studies have revealed that probiotics seem to be effective for the prevention of carcinogenesis to some extent. In this review, we focused on this relationship between the microbiota and cancer, and considered how to prevent cancer using strategies involving the gut microbiota.

Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-Cancer Effects of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables in Bladder Cancer

“…Recently, the physiological and pathological roles of gut microbiota have garnered great interest. Research has shown how they affect systematic metabolism, inflammation, and the immune system, contributing to carcinogenesis, malignant potential, and cancer progression, of which similar findings have been reported in UC [108][109][110]. Interestingly, SFN was found to normalize gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium cluster I in a BBN-induced BC animal model [111], suppressing BBN-induced histological changes, including sub-mucosal capillary growth.…”

Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastric Cancer: Effects and Mechanisms

“…In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and multiple diseases has attracted much attention. The role of gut microbiota on gastric cancer has also been investigated [104,105]. A study revealed that microbiota might be related to gastric cancer, since specific pathogen-free mice were easier to develop atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer than germ-free mice [106].…”

Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Target to Improve Anti-Tumor Treatment?

“…Several strategies can be considered in order to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment through gut microbiota modulation [9,103,104]. While targeting the gut microbiome has shown some interesting results in the treatment of cancers, the studies demonstrated that improved effects of cancer therapies following microbiota modulation are much more limited [105]. In this second part of the review, we focused on the potential strategies to optimize the microbiota composition in order improve therapy efficiency.…”