Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Target to Improve Anti-Tumor Treatment?

Villéger, Romain; Lopès, Amélie; Carrier, G.; Véziant, Julie; Billard, Elisabeth; Barnich, Nicolas; Gagnière, Johan; Vazeille, Emilie; Bonnet, Mathilde

doi:10.3390/ijms20184584

Cited by 76 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(262 reference statements)

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“…The microbiota formed by microorganisms and residing in the gastrointestinal tract is referred to as "intestinal microbiota" or "gut microbiota" [1,2]. The microbiota affects various aspects of human health, including providing nutrients and vitamins, protecting against pathogens, epithelial mucosa homeostasis, and immune system development [3]. Microbial dysbiosis has been linked to various metabolic and inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer

Chang

Lee

et al. 2020

IJMS

121

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FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimen, is one of most common therapeutic regimens for colorectal cancer. However, intestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect for which no effective preventive strategies exist. Moreover, the efficacy and the safety of fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) in cancer patients treated with anti-neoplastic agents are still scant. We investigated the effect of FMT on FOLFOX-induced mucosal injury. BALB/c mice implanted with syngeneic CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were orally administered FMT daily during and two days after five-day injection of FOLFOX regimen for seven days. Administration of FOLFOX significantly induced marked levels of diarrhea and intestinal injury. FMT reduced the severity of diarrhea and intestinal mucositis. Additionally, the number of goblet cells and zonula occludens-1 decreased, while apoptotic and NF-κB-positive cells increased following FOLFOX treatment. The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), MyD88, and serum IL-6 were upregulated following FOLFOX treatment. These responses were attenuated following FMT. The disrupted fecal gut microbiota composition was also restored by FMT after FOLFOX treatment. Importantly, FMT did not cause bacteremia and safely alleviated FOLFOX-induced intestinal mucositis in colorectal cancer-bearing mice. The putative mechanism may involve the gut microbiota TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with implanted colorectal carcinoma cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer

Chang

Lee

et al. 2020

IJMS

121

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“…As discussed above, modification of the gut microbiota appears to provide a novel way to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects of current anticancer therapeutic approaches (Villeger et al, 2019). Many strategies are considered to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment, such as modulation of the intestinal microbiota, which is currently receiving a lot of scientific attention (Bashiardes et al, 2017;Helmink et al, 2019).…”

Section: Bifidobacterial Immunomodulatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Cancer: The Emerging Beneficial Role of Bifidobacteria in Cancer Immunotherapy

et al. 2020

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Many intestinal bacteria are believed to be involved in various inflammatory and immune processes that influence tumor etiology because of their metabolic properties and their ability to alter the microbiota homeostasis. Although many functions of the microbiota are still unclear, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that the intestinal microbiota is able to modulate carcinogenesis and the response to anticancer therapies, both in the intestinal tract and other body sites. Among the wide variety of gut-colonizing microorganisms, various species belonging to the Bifidobacterium genus are believed to elicit beneficial effects on human physiology and on the host-immune system. Recent findings, based on preclinical mouse models and on human clinical trials, have demonstrated the impact of gut commensals including bifidobacteria on the efficacy of tumor-targeting immunotherapy. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure, bifidobacteria and other microorganisms have become a promising aid to immunotherapeutic procedures that are currently applied to treat cancer. The present review focuses on strategies to recruit the microbiome in order to enhance anticancer responses and develop therapies aimed at fighting the onset and progression of malignancies.

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“…From the above described, it appears that there is potential in the modulation of the gut microbiome as a rational approach to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy. Indeed, several studies support the use of selective antibiotics (some examples described above), but also fecal transplantation, as well as probiotics and prebiotics (for a review, see [190]). However, most of the time, the evidence is not strong enough and the mechanisms behind their antitumor activity are still unclear, which demands further studies.…”

Section: Role Of Microbioma In Cancer Drug Response and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbes and Cancer: Friends or Faux?

Azevedo

Pina-Vaz

Baltazar

2020

IJMS

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Cancer is one of the most aggressive and deadly diseases in the world, representing the second leading cause of death. It is a multifactorial disease, in which genetic alterations play a key role, but several environmental factors also contribute to its development and progression. Infections induced by certain viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites constitute risk factors for cancer, being chronic infection associated to the development of certain types of cancer. On the other hand, susceptibility to infectious diseases is higher in cancer patients. The state of the host immune system plays a crucial role in the susceptibility to both infection and cancer. Importantly, immunosuppressive cancer treatments increase the risk of infection, by decreasing the host defenses. Furthermore, alterations in the host microbiota is also a key factor in the susceptibility to develop cancer. More recently, the identification of a tumor microbiota, in which bacteria establish a symbiotic relationship with cancer cells, opened a new area of research. There is evidence demonstrating that the interaction between bacteria and cancer cells can modulate the anticancer drug response and toxicity. The present review focuses on the interaction between microbes and cancer, specifically aiming to: (1) review the main infectious agents associated with development of cancer and the role of microbiota in cancer susceptibility; (2) highlight the higher vulnerability of cancer patients to acquire infectious diseases; (3) document the relationship between cancer cells and tissue microbiota; (4) describe the role of intratumoral bacteria in the response and toxicity to cancer therapy.

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Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Target to Improve Anti-Tumor Treatment?

Cited by 76 publications

References 172 publications

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer

Microbiota and Cancer: The Emerging Beneficial Role of Bifidobacteria in Cancer Immunotherapy

Microbes and Cancer: Friends or Faux?

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