<p>Mitochondria-Targeting Oxygen-Sufficient Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles for Imaging-Guided Tumor Phototherapy</p>

Abstract

Background Although photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamics therapy (PDT) have both made excellent progress in tumor therapy, the effectiveness of using PTT or PDT alone is dissatisfactory due to the limitations of the penetration depth in PTT and the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors for PDT. Combination phototherapy has currently become a burgeoning cancer treatment. Methods and Materials In this work, a mitochondria-targeting liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based oxygen delivery system was developed for the synergistic PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer through image guiding. Results Importantly, these nanoparticles (NPs) can effectively and accurately accumulate in the target tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Conclusion This approach offers a novel technique to achieve outstanding antitumor efficacy by an unprecedented design with tumor mitochondria targeting, oxygen delivery, and synergistic PDT/PTT with dual-imaging guidance.

A Highly Efficient One-for-All Nanodroplet for Ultrasound Imaging-Guided and Cavitation-Enhanced Photothermal Therapy

“…In addition to the advantage for multimodal imaging, the NIR responsive PFC nanodroplets have also been designed to improve the therapeutic outcomes by combining PTT with photodynamic therapy, 8 , 21 chemotherapy, 13 , 16 or radiotherapy, 22 etc. It has been reported that the combination of PTT and other therapies can achieve better therapeutic outcomes compared to PTT alone.…”

“…The near-infrared responsive PFC nanodroplet usually has complex and delicate structures. 8–16 Nanosystems are typically fabricated using PFC as a core with a polymers/lipids shell, and PTT agents/drugs/genes embedded into the shell. 8–13 Alternatively, a hollow nanoparticle was prepared for PFC loading with conjugation/adsorption of PTT agents/drugs on its surface.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] As a promising theranostic agent, the NIR responsive perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets have been widely used for multimodal imaging guided PTT of tumors due to their ability of phase transition from nanodroplets to microbubbles. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] During the PTT, the phase transition can be triggered by a localized hyperthermia, and the generated microbubbles in situ are effective contrast agents for ultrasound (US) imaging, which is an established non-invasive, low cost, and real-time imaging technique. Due to its intrinsic properties of phase transition and optical absorption, the NIR responsive PFC nanodroplet can also be used for combined photoacoustic (PA) and US imaging, and provide a strong increase in imaging sensitivity and specificity.…”

“…Due to its intrinsic properties of phase transition and optical absorption, the NIR responsive PFC nanodroplet can also be used for combined photoacoustic (PA) and US imaging, and provide a strong increase in imaging sensitivity and specificity. [18][19][20] Moreover, it can carry a variety of extrinsic imaging agents at the same time, such as NIR dyes for fluorescence imaging, 8,10,13,16 or Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles for MRI imaging, 11 etc.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Nanosystems are typically fabricated using PFC as a core with a polymers/ lipids shell, and PTT agents/drugs/genes embedded into the shell. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Alternatively, a hollow nanoparticle was prepared for PFC loading with conjugation/adsorption of PTT agents/drugs on its surface. [14][15][16] The majority have been constructed using an "all-in-one" approach, where components that possess a single specific function (eg, PTT agent or imaging contrast agent) are combined with others, allowing multiple single components packaged in a single nanosystem.…”