<p><strong>Rock star flowers: <em>Conchocarpus hendrixii </em>(Galipeinae, Rutaceae), a new species from Eastern Brazil with notes on its phylogenetic position in the genus</strong></p>

Abstract

A new species, Conchocarpus hendrixii (tribe Galipeinae, Rutaceae), is described and illustrated. To date, this new species is known from populations observed in the municipalities of Cardoso Moreira and São Fidélis in Serra da Bandeira/Serra da Vista mountain ranges in northern Rio de Janeiro state in the Atlantic Rainforest biome and was brought to light as an undescribed species thanks to photographs shared on the social media site Facebook. The epithet “hendrixii” is in honor of Jimi Hendrix, guitarist and singer-songwriter, who wrote the song “Purple Haze,” in reference to the purple color of the flowers of the new species. Analyzes showed that flowers of the new species bear a staminal tube, a characteristic present only in C. odoratissimus among the Conchocarpus. However, this species bears flowers with much shorter staminal tubes (c. 2–2.5 mm in length v. 1–1.2 cm in the new species) and smaller flowers, among other morphologically dissimilar characteristics. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using nuclear (ITS-1 and IT-2) and plastidial markers (trnL-trnF and rps16 intron) were conducted and demonstrated that the new species belongs to an internal clade in Conchocarpus, together with species formerly assigned to Almeidea (currently included in Conchocarpus). The presence of pantoporate pollen grains, a synapomorphic trait to this clade supports the molecular results. Conservation status as well as data from foliar and floral (with an emphasis on the staminal tube) anatomy are presented.

Pollen morphology characterization of Dryades Groppo, Kallunki & Pirani, a new genus of Rutaceae, and its phylogenetically related species

“…Thus, the data support the pollen type characteristic of the Rutaceae family (3-colporate, prolate and reticulate, described by Barth 1982 and Morton and Kallunki 1993). On the other hand, the pollen characteristics found for Dryades are not similar to the pollen types described for Conchocarpus , since the pollen type characteristic of most species of the genus is pantocolporate with a large number of apertures (Barth 1982; Morton and Kallunki 1993; Bruniera et al 2015; Groppo et al 2019; Bruniera et al 2021), and variably 3- 4- 5- or 6-colporate. In the present study, this difference was observed in Conchocarpus macrophyllus ( Conchocarpus sensu stricto ), with pollen grains that are isopolar, 5-colporate, oblate-spheroidal and reticulate in ornamentation.…”

“…These characters are of great value for palynology, and therefore should be explored further to understand the taxonomy and phylogeny of the group. The pollen morphology of different species of Rutaceae has been described by Erdtman (1952), Sato (1971), Barth (1980Barth ( , 1982Barth ( , 1983Barth ( , 1985, Arregu� ın-S� anchez et al (1986), Roubik and Moreno (1991), Corrêa et al (1992), Mziray (1992), Breis et al (1993), Morton and Kallunki (1993), Victor and Van Wyk (1998, 1999a, 1999b, 2001, Grant et al (2000), Carreira and Barth (2003), Qaiser and Perveen (2005), Fukuda et al (2008), Magalhãese-Silva (2007), Mou and Zhang (2009), Groppo et al (2010Groppo et al ( , 2019Groppo et al ( , 2021, Bruniera et al (2011Bruniera et al ( , 2015Bruniera et al ( , 2021, Cao et al (2014), Radaeski et al (2014), Silva et al (2014), Al-Anbari et al (2015) and Dutra and Gasparino (2018). These studies demonstrated that the family Rutaceae is eurypalynous because of observed differences in the morphology of the pollen grains in different genera.…”

Structural Elucidation by NMR Analysis Assisted by DFT Calculations of a Novel Natural Product from Conchocarpus Mastigophorus (Rutaceae)

“…The final spectra were generated using the Boltzmann average (based on Gibbs free energies) of the lowest-energy conformers identified for (3S)-1 a and plotted using Origin 8 software. (10), 84 (100), 82 (44), 80 (5), 70 (16), 69 (5), 68 (6), 67 (13), 57 (34), 56 (12), 55 (28), 54 (13), 53 (8). a ½ � 23 D À 0.021 (c 0.0483, methanol).…”

“…[3] In recent years, researchers have highlighted the wide chemical constitution of some of the Conchocarpus plants, pointing out that the major secondary metabolites found are alkaloids, [4] coumarins, [5] flavonoids, [6] and terpenes. [7] However, more than forty of the fifty-two known species of Conchocarpus, [8] including C. mastigophorus Kallunki, have never been studied for a better understanding of their chemical and biological potential.…”

Identificação de novas moléculas orgânicas pelo uso combinado de experimentos de RMN e cálculos computacionais de DFT

“…), cumarinas (CABRAL et al, 2012, flavonoides(BELLETE et al, 2012) e terpenos(DE OLIVEIRA et al, 2016). Apesar dessa riqueza biológica, menos de um quarto das cinquenta e duas espécies conhecidas de Conchocarpusincluindo a Conchocarpus mastigophorus Kallunkiforam estudadas para um melhor entendimento dos seus potenciais químicos e biológicos(GROPPO et al, 2019).Figura 28 -Planta Conchocarpus mastigophorus Kallunki. Fonte: O autor.…”