<p>Level of Adherence to the Dietary Recommendation and Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Abstract

Background: Dietary modification is the cornerstone and initial recommendation in the management of diabetes mellitus. Adhering to the recommended dietary practice has a significant role in diabetic control, but not uniformly practised. Objective: To assess dietary adherence and glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients on follow-up at Dilchora Referral Hospital (DRH), Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 22 August to 23 October 2019, at DRH. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (PDAQ) was used to estimate the level of dietary adherence. Glycemic control was measured using fasting blood glucose. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with dietary adherence. Results: Of the 307 included patients, 62.5% were poorly adherent to the recommended diet. Lack of dietary education (83.38%) and inability to afford a healthy diet (71.33%) were the perceived barriers to practice dietary recommendation. More than half (54.7%) failed to achieve the recommended fasting blood glucose target. In multivariate logistic regression, patients who were adherent to dietary recommendations were 3.56 times more likely to have good glycemic control. Those patients living in urban areas, having monthly income greater than 1000 Ethiopia Birr, family history of the disease, duration of treatment greater than 10 years and who received counseling were more likely to have good dietary adherence. Conclusion: The level of adherence to the dietary recommendation and glycemic control was low. Healthcare providers should be proactive in tackling the barrier for non-adherence and should promote adherence to dietary recommendations in T2DM patients.

Adherence to physical exercise recommendations among type 2 diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Those having a family history of diabetes were 1.26 times more likely to adhere to the recommended physical exercise compared to those with no family history. This finding is supported by the study done in Eastern Ethiopia ( Mohammed, Adem, Tadiwos, Woldekidan, & Degu, 2020 ). The possible justification might be that those with diabetic relatives share information about diabetic self-care practices ( Pamungkas, Chamroonsawasdi, & Vatanasomboon, 2017 ).…”

Determinants of Dietary Adherence Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Aimed COVID-19 at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

“…The possible explanation might be because those in Urban have a great chance of information access through different Media. This was supported by the studies conducted in Eastern Ethiopia 28 and Yemen. 17 Having a family size of less than five was found to be 27% more to adhere to the dietary recommendation compared to more than five family sizes.…”

“…The finding was supported by the study conducted in eastern Ethiopia. 28 Duration of diabetes more than 15 years was found to be nearly five times more to adhere to the dietary recommendation compared to its counterparts. This possibly might be the longer the duration the more the information gained during follow-up.…”

“…But, it was higher than the studies conducted in Dire Adwa 37.5% and Yemen 21.0% of the participants adhered to a dietary recommendation. 17 , 28 The possible explanation for this variation might be because currently, people have become more aware of the severity of COVID-19 among diabetes patients through different information channels.…”

Pharmacist-led intervention in treatment non-adherence and associated direct costs of management among ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes in southwestern Nigeria

“…Although, studies in some developed countries have related poor glycaemic control to higher healthcare costs [36][37][38]. Also, there had been studies conducted in LMICs including Nigeria to explore medication adherence and glycaemia among ambulatory patients with diabetes [17,14,25,39], and a few on adherence to physical activity and dietary recommendations [40,41]. However, none of these studies from developing countries comprehensively explore the interplay between treatment adherence, clinical outcomes and associated costs of management among patients with type 2 diabetes.…”