<p>Inactivation of Non-Enveloped Viruses and Bacteria by an Electrically Charged Disinfectant Containing Meso-Structure Nanoparticles via Modification of the Genome</p>

Abstract

Introduction: A previous study demonstrated the virucidal effect of an electrically charged disinfectant (CAC-717), which contains meso-structure nanoparticles, on enveloped viruses (influenza viruses). However, the effect of CAC-717 on other microorganisms and the mechanisms by which CAC-717 inactivates the microorganisms remain unclear. In this study, CAC-717 was further evaluated in terms of its biocidal and virucidal activity as well as its effect on bacterial and viral nucleic acids. Methods: The inactivation effects of CAC-717 against various microorganisms [non-enveloped virus, feline calicivirus (FCV); bacteria, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli] were investigated by comparing the viral titer of the medium tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50) and the D value (estimated treatment time required to reduce the number of microorganisms by 90%). Furthermore, the effects of CAC-717 on viral and bacterial genomic RNA/DNA were examined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Treatment of an equal volume of CAC-717 with cell lysate infected with a nonenveloped virus, feline calicivirus (FCV), reduced the TCID 50. Viral titer dropped below the detection limit after 2 min of treatment. The D value of FCV was 0.256 min (average of multiple endpoint D values) and endpoint D value was 0.341 min. The D value for E. coli and S. enterica was 0.290 min and 0.080 min (average of multiple endpoint D values), respectively and the endpoint D value was 0.545 min and 0.054 min, respectively. In addition, PCR showed the inhibition of nucleic acid amplification of the RNA and DNA genome of FCV and bacteria, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CAC-717 inactivates viruses and bacteria by modifying the viral and bacterial nucleic acids.

Antibiotic-Resistant and Non-Resistant Bacteria Display Similar Susceptibility to Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

“…Furthermore, as previously determined [ 28 ], the temperature of the liquid surface was 38.40 ± 0.12 °C at the 2 min treatment time using the same DBD plasma torch under identical conditions. E. coli can survive at around 38 °C [ 29 ]. Thus, heating during operation of the plasma torch cannot have been the cause of E. coli inactivation.…”

Electrically Charged Disinfectant Containing Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate Mesoscopic Crystals as a Potential Measure to Control Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris on Cabbage Seeds

“…First, because a single isolate was used in the present study, the effectiveness of CAC-717 on other isolates of Xcc as well as other seed-borne bacteria remains unclear. However, it should be noted that our previous reports have shown that bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli can also be inactivated by CAC-717 [ 10 ], suggesting that CAC-717 may be effective against a broad range of bacteria including other isolates of Xcc . In addition, it remains unclear whether CAC-717 is effective as a treatment for other varieties of Brassica oleracea beside cabbage.…”

“…Finally, the mechanisms by which CAC-717 inactivates Xcc remains unclear. Our previous studies showed that CAC-717 destroys the genomic DNA of bacteria such as E. coli [ 10 ] and S. enterica [ 10 ]. Membrane disruption by CAC-717 can expose genomic DNA to digestion by DNase.…”

“…Recently, we developed a new electrically charged disinfectant, termed CAC-717, by applying an electric field and water flow to distilled water containing calcium hydrogen carbonate [ 9 ]. CAC-717 contains particles (50–500 nm) with a mesoscopic structure of calcium hydrogen carbonate derived from calcium and carbon in plant and soil [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…CAC-717 has been shown to have a bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli [ 10 ] and Salmonella enterica [ 10 ], as well as a virucidal effect on influenza virus [ 9 ], feline calicivirus (FCV) [ 10 ], and human/murine norovirus [ 11 ]. In addition, CAC-717 has no harmful effects on humans or animals because its pH decreases to 8.8 ± 1.2 immediately after contact with biological samples [ 9 ].…”