<p>Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Polysaccharides of <em>Araucaria heterophylla</em> L and <em>Prosopis chilensis</em> L and Utilization of Polysaccharides in Nanocarrier Synthesis</p>

Abstract

Background: Plant gums consist of polysaccharides which can be used in the preparation of nanocarriers and provide a wide application in pharmaceutical applications including as drug delivery agents and the matrices for drug release. The objectives of the study were to collect plant gums from Araucaria heterophylla L and Prosopis chilensis L and to extract and characterize their polysaccharides. Then to utilize these plant gum-derived polysaccharides for the formulation of nanocarriers to use for drug loading and to examine their purpose in drug delivery in vitro. Methods: Plant gum was collected, polysaccharide was extracted, purified, characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, TGA and GCMS and subjected to various bioactive studies. The purified polysaccharide was used for making curcumin-loaded nanocarriers using STMP (sodium trimetaphosphate). Bioactivities were performed on the crude, purified and drugloaded nanocarriers. These polysaccharide-based nanocarriers were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, SEM, and AFM. Drug release kinetics were performed for the drug-loaded nanocarriers. Results: The presence of glucose, xylose and sucrose was studied from the UV-Vis and GCMS analysis. Purified polysaccharides of both the plants showed antioxidant activity and also antibacterial activity against Bacillus sp. Purified polysaccharides were used for nanocarrier synthesis, where the size and shape of the nanocarriers were studied using SEM analysis and AFM analysis. The size of the drug-loaded nanocarriers was found to be around 200 nm. The curcumin-loaded nanocarriers were releasing curcumin slow and steady. Conclusion: The extracted pure polysaccharide of A. heterophylla and P. chilensis acted as good antioxidants and showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus sp. These polysaccharides were fabricated into curcumin-loaded nanocarriers whose size was below 200 nm. Both the drug-loaded nanocarriers synthesized using A. heterophylla and P. chilensis showed antibacterial activity with a steady drug release profile. Hence, these natural exudates can serve as biodegradable nanocarriers in drug delivery.

Purification and Characterization of Gum-Derived Polysaccharides of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica and Their Applications as Plant Stimulants and Bio-Pesticidal Agents

“…Glucose, galactose and xylose were detected in the AI gum polysaccharide (Figure 2). Similar results have been reported by Samrot et al [46].…”

Utilization of Carica papaya latex on coating of SPIONs for dye removal and drug delivery

“…11 ). Samrot et al 38 produced a drug loaded nanocarrier using A. heterophylla which showed maximum absorbance of 210 nm which indicated the presence of xylose content in polysaccharide.…”

Bioactivity and Plant Growth Stimulation Studies using Mangifera indica L. Gum

“…GC analysis confirms the presence of xylose and D-allose (RT at 12.810 and 16 respectively). Samrot et al 11 reported these In another study, Samrot et al 26 found that purified polysaccharide of A. heterophylla and P. chilensis was able to inhibit swarming motility of Bacillus sp.…”

“…In contrast to the findings of this study, purified polysaccharide of Terminalia catappa L., A. heterophylla and P. chilensis showed significant antioxidant property as their percentage scavenging was comparable to the standard. 26,29 Moreover, Samrot et al 27 found that water extract of Ficus iyrata gum exhibit significant free radical scavenging effect.…”

“…Polysaccharide extracted from Azadirachta indica gum can inhibit the growth of E. coli at a concentration of 20µg/ml. 11 In a study by Samrot et al 26 antibacterial activity against Bacillus sp. was found in purified polysaccharide of Araucaria heterophylla L. and Prosopis chilensis L., with their minimal inhibitory concentration reported as 8mg.…”