<p>Early Detection of Renal Impairment Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through Evaluation of Serum Cystatin C in Comparison with Serum Creatinine Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Abstract

Background: The proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease caused by diabetes has progressively increased during the last few decades. Serum creatinine level is the most commonly used biochemical parameter to estimate GFR in routine practice. However, 50% of GFR can be lost before significant elevation of serum creatinine. Cystatin C is found to be a new promising marker for early detection of renal diseases. Objective of the Study: The aim of this study was to determine the value of serum cystatin C and serum creatinine levels for early detection of renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 120. For early detection of renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were measured and compared. Result and Discussion: Serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls. The mean±SD value of serum creatinine was found to be 0.87±0.44 mg/dL in patients and 0.63±0.27 mg/dL in control. Serum cystatin C level was also found to be significantly (P=0.0001) higher in patients (0.92±0.38 mg/L) compared to controls (0.52±0.20 mg/L). The mean±SD of eGFR in three equations (Creatinine Equation, Cystatin C Equation, and Creatinine-Cystatin C Equation) were 105.7±27.5 mL/min/m 2 , 90.4±28.2 mL/min/m 2 , and 100±29.5 mL/min/ m 2 , respectively. Conclusion: Cystatin C-based GFR estimation equations detect renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus earlier than creatinine-based GFR estimation equations.

Assessing the Level of a Trial Natriuretic Peptide and Some Biochemical Parameters in Men With Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

“…In addition to the levels of cystatin C in the blood are not affected by age, gender, muscle mass and dietary intake. Thereby, it is considered a good sign for early detection of impaired renal function induced by complications of diabetes [36]. The increment in the level of amyloid A in the serum of diabetic patients compared with the healthy subjects do not agree with some studies [37], yet it was in agreement with other studies [25,38].…”

Cistatina C como marcador de daño renal en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II

“…Por otro lado, en las investigaciones de (Solis et al, 2020) y de (Asmamaw et al, 2020) indicaron que la cistatina C presento una mayor relación en el diagnóstico temprano en los cambios en la filtración glomerular de leves a moderadas a diferencia de la creatinina. De igual modo, para (Juárez Vilche et al, 2021) la cistatina C demostró mayor superioridad que la creatinina en especial, para la determinación de la tasa de filtración glomerular, además que permitió la recategorización de los pacientes diabéticos que habían sido evaluados anteriormente con creatinina, lo cual, indica un gran impacto clínico.…”

Renal Protective Effects of Inonotus obliquus on High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Kidney Disease Rats: Biochemical, Color Doppler Ultrasound and Histopathological Evidence

“…One of the current therapies is to slow down the progression of DKD ( KDIGO Executive Committee, 2020 ; Expert Group of Chinese Society of Nephrology, 2021 ). SCr level is the most used biochemical parameter to estimate the progression of renal disease ( Asmamaw et al, 2020 ). In our study, the evidence including SCr and urinary protein excretion indicated that kidney injury appeared at the 13th week and injury aggravation was shown at the 17th week based on SCr level.…”