<p>Comparative Toxicological Effects of Biologically and Chemically Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Mice</p>

Abstract

Introduction:Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are widely used as feed additives for livestock and poultry and implicated in many biomedical applications; however, overload of copper NPs induces various toxicological changes and dysfunction of animal's organs. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the comparative toxicological effects of biologically and chemically synthesized CuO-NPs on mice. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize the sizes, shapes and functional groups of CuO-NPs. Forty-five mice were randomly allocated into three groups. Control group received distilled water. The second group was administered a single dose of biologically synthesized CuO-NPs (500 mg/kg bw) orally. The third group was administered a single dose of chemically synthesized CuO-NPs (500 mg/kg bw) orally. Results: TEM revealed that biologically synthesized NPs were spherical in shape, whereas chemically synthesized NPs were spherical or elongated in shape. XRD showed that the size of biologically synthesized NPs ranged from 4.14 to 12.82 nm and that of chemically synthesized NPs ranged from 4.06 to 26.82 nm. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that the peaks appeared between 779 cm −1 and 425 cm −1 in biologically synthesized NPs and between 858 cm −1 and 524 cm −1 in chemically synthesized NPs were for Cu-O nanostructure. Four mice died due to administration of biologically synthesized CuO-NPs. Both biologically and chemically synthesized CuO-NPs induced leukocytosis, elevated serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and serum levels of urea and creatinine and increased P53 mRNA and caspase-3 protein expressions in hepatic tissues. Moreover, CuO-NPs induced degenerative and necrotized changes in hepatic, renal and splenic tissues. Biochemical, apoptotic and pathological changes were more serious in mice administered with biologically synthesized CuO-NPs. Conclusion: This study indicated that a high dose of biologically and chemically synthesized CuO-NPs induced adverse effects on hepatic, renal and splenic tissues. At the same dose level, the biologically synthesized CuO-NPs evoked more potent toxic effects than the chemically synthesized CuO-NPs.

Hepatic and renal toxicity following the injection of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in mature male Westar rats: histochemical and caspase 3 immunohistochemical reactivities

“…On the other hand, G4 clarified diffuse immuno-localization of caspase-3 that was widely expressed in almost of the hepatic parenchyma confirming widespread of apoptosis. These findings were confirmed by El Bialy et al (2020) who clarified that the hepatocytes of mice administered biologically synthesized CuO NPs showed marked caspase-3 immunostaining Regarding the histological examination, the kidney of G2 and G3 characterized with moderate necrosis and atrophy of renal corpuscles, damage of Bowman's capsules, swelling and congestions of the glomerulus, mild to moderate necrosis of the renal tubules with moderate damage in its lining epithelium accompanied with loss of its brush border. And also, acidophilic granules of variable shape and size were accumulated within the renal tubules lining epithelium and extended to the lumen of renal tubules.…”

Current State of Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Designing Biochemical Sensors

“…A high dose of biologically and chemically synthesized CuO nanoparticles induced adverse effects on hepatic, renal and splenic tissues. At the same dose level, the biologically synthesized CuO nanoparticles evoked more potent toxic effects than the chemically synthesized ones [177]. Particularly, it has been confirmed that MONPs may induce serious genotoxic effects on various biological targets.…”

Latent Benefits and Toxicity Risks Transmission Chain of High Dietary Copper along the Livestock–Environment–Plant–Human Health Axis and Microbial Homeostasis: A Review

“…Similarly, the rats developed significant liver and kidney damage, mainly manifested as elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen when given continuous intragastric administration of Cu–NPs for 5 days at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight . In total, overload of CuO–NPs and Cu–NPs can induce gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, neuronal, and splenic toxicities through the generation of ROS and depletion of antioxidants in mammals. , In human cells, NPs are closely linked to cardiovascular diseases . Fan et al reported that CuO–NPs exposure disturbs the mitochondrial dynamics in an oxidative stress-dependent manner and induced mitophagy in vascular endothelial cells.…”