&lt;p&gt;Clinical Analysis of 15 Cases of Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Comparison with Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma Using a Propensity Score Matching&lt;/p&gt;

Yan, Shixing; Wang, Yingyi; Xiao, Chen; Zhang, Yefan; Huang, Zhen; Zhao, Jianjun; Zhou, Jianguo; Li, Zhiyu; Bi, Xinyu; Luo, Zhiwen; Cai, Jianqiang; Zhao, Hong

doi:10.2147/cmar.s227501

Cited by 23 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Chemotherapy is critical for patients with unresectable GB-NECs, and can improve survival. [ 12 , 15 ] In our study, compared with the patients who only received surgery, the patients who underwent postoperatively chemotherapy lived longer with a median survival time of 8.9 and 2.2 months, respectively. Cisplatin or carboplatin plus etoposide were generally recommended as the primary program for poorly differentiated GB-NECs and achieved satisfactory responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In our study, no secretory symptoms were observed even in the patients with distant metastasis and upper abdominal pain was the most common symptom, consistent with most previous literatures. [ 11 , 12 , 15 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Yun's study showed that the overall 5-year survival rate of GB-NEC was higher than GB-ADC. [ 20 ] Suspecting that confounding factors such as age, sex, Nevin stage, and radical surgery between the 2 groups might affect the result, Yan et al [ 15 ] used propensity score matching to reduce the influence of confounding factors between the two groups, and the results still showed that GB-NEC had a worse prognosis than GB-ADC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

et al. 2020

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Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is a group of rare and heterogeneous neoplasms and there are few reports at present. We analyzed the clinical and pathological features of 7 patients with GB-NEC who were admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2011 to October 2019. The median age of 7 patients was 58 years with male to female ratio of 1:2.5. Right upper quadrant discomfort was the main complaint and no patients presented carcinoid syndrome-related symptoms. In contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination, 5 of 6 patients showed well-defined margin and continuous thin line-like contrast enhancement on the mucosa. Among the patients with liver metastases before surgery, 66.7% of patients were cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) positive, and among the patients presented with liver metastases during follow-up period, all patients were CA-125 positive. All patients with elevated CA-125 did not have ascites, ovarian carcinoma, peritoneal carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. According to postoperative pathological report, 1 patient was stage IIIA, and the other 6 patients were stage IVB. Six patients underwent surgery, and 1 patient just underwent liver biopsy. Two patients underwent laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy, and neither of them encountered serious complications after surgery with the overall survival time of 4.6 and 16.8 months, respectively. Compared with the patients without chemotherapy, 3 patients postoperatively treated with chemotherapy lived longer. The median survival of all 7 patients was 4.6 months and the 1-, 2-year survival rates were 14.29%, 0%. Surgical resection, including laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy, is feasible for the treatment of advanced GB-NEC in selected patients and has the advantages of prolonging survival in combination with chemotherapy. The elevation of CA-125 can be utilized as an important predictor of poor prognosis, while more investigations are necessary to confirm it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

et al. 2020

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“…However, Yun study did not support this hypothesis, with the overall five-year survival rate of GB-NEC higher than GB-ADC. [ 56 ] Suspecting that confounding factors between the 2 groups might affect the result, Yan et al [ 5 ] used propensity score matching to reduce the influence of confounding factors between the 2 groups, and the results still showed that GB-NEC had worse prognosis than GB-ADC. The comparison of these studies was shown in Table 2 .…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, unlike NENs from the gastrointestinal tract or respiratory tract, GB-NECs are mostly asymptomatic. [ 5 ] Due to fact that GB-NEC is lack of special clinical manifestations and typical imaging features, it is difficult to distinguish GB-NEC from gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GB-ADC) without pathological examination. Additionally, there is currently no consensus on the surgical strategy and guidelines of GB-NEC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update in clinical management for gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

et al. 2021

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Background: Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is rare and there are few reports at present. We sought to review the current knowledge of GB-NEC and provide recommendations for clinical management. Methods: A systemic literature research was conducted in the websites of Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data using the keywords including gallbladder combined with neuroendocrine carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumor or neuroendocrine neoplasm. Two reviewers independently screened the articles by reading the title, abstract and full-text. Results: In computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, a well-defined margin, gallbladder replacing type with larger hepatic and lymphatic metastases could be helpful for differential diagnosis of GB-NEC and gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GB-ADC). Older age, unmarried status, large tumor size (>5 cm), positive margins, and distant Surveillance, Epidemiology and End result (SEER) stage are independently associated with poor survival. Surgical resection remains as the preferred and primary treatment. The potential survival benefit of lymphadenectomy for patients remains controversial. Platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may improve the survival. The efficacy of other treatments including immunotherapy, targeted therapy and somatostatin analogue needs further investigation. Conclusion: Typical imaging features could be helpful for preoperative diagnosis. Age, margin status, tumor size, marital status, histopathologic subtype and SEER stage may be independent predictors for the survival. Remarkable advances regarding the treatment for GB-NEC have been achieved in recent years. Further studies are needed to investigate the survival benefit of lymphadenectomy for patients with GB-NEC.

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