<p>Addenbrooke&#39;s cognitive examination III in the diagnosis of dementia: a critical review</p>

Abstract

Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III is a screening test that is composed of tests of attention, orientation, memory, language, visual perceptual and visuospatial skills. It is useful in the detection of cognitive impairment, especially in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease and fronto-temporal dementia. The aim of this study is to do a critical review of the Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III. The different language versions available and research about the different variables that have relationship with the performance of the subject in the ACE-III are listed. The ACE-III is a detection technique that can differentiate patients with and without cognitive impairment, is sensitive to the early stages of dementia, and is available in different languages. However, further research is needed to obtain optimal cutoffs for the different versions and to evaluate the impact of different age, gender, IQ, and education variables on the performance of the test.

Carotid Artery Stenting and Its Impact on Cognitive Function: A Prospective Observational Study

“…Cognitive function of the enrolled patients was assessed using Addenbrooke's cognitive examination version III (ACE) by a trained neuropsychologist before and 3 months after stenting. 12 Apart from cognitive function, demographic and clinical data of the study patients were also analyzed. A follow-up evaluation after 3 months was done to compare the cognitive function, occurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), renal failure, or other vascular events like acute myocardial infarction (MI) or death (due to any cause).…”

“…Cognitive function of the enrolled patients was assessed using Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination version III (ACE) by a trained neuropsychologist before and 3 months after stenting [ 12 ]. Apart from cognitive function, demographic and clinical data of the study patients were also analyzed.…”

Can Multidisciplinary Inpatient and Outpatient Rehabilitation Provide Sufficient Prevention of Disability in Patients with a Brain Tumor?—A Case-Series Report of Two Programs and A Prospective, Observational Clinical Trial

“…For example, as Brown et al [43] observed, only few patients with low-grade gliomas screened with MMSE had cognitive deterioration which is very often impaired in BT patients after radiation therapy. ACE III, like other neuropsychological tests (such as MMSE and MoCA), provides the psychologist with a quick and global cognitive screen of the patient, specifying both measures of each domain and the overall cognitive profile [44]. In the present study, BT patients had significant cognitive dysfunctions of memory, attention, orientation, and visual spatial functions.…”

Machine Learning to Assess Language Impairments in Older Adults

“…Different tests have been proposed to evaluate cognitive function including memory, orientation, attention, reasoning and judgment, language skills, and attention [17,18,19]. Examples of such tools include the Eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8), Annual Wellness Visit (AWV), General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) and Health Risk Assessment (HRA), Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) (i.e., it is for testing verbal memory capability), Short Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (i.e., it consists of a 30points scales [20] to identify subjects with MCI) [21], Addenbrooke's Cognitive Assessment (ACE) [22,23], and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale ADAS-Cog [24,25] (i.e., it examines attention, orientation, memory, language, visual perception, and visuospatial skills), the test can detect cognitive impairment that is related to AD and fronto-temporal dementia. Other examples include the Cambridge Assessment of Memory and Cognition, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (it can assess impairments related to five cognitive functions such as orientation, attention, memory, language and visual-spatial skills by just asking subjects 11 questions [17]) test (its sensitivity is around 0.79, while its specificity is around 0.95) [26], the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) (i.e., it encompasses a 30-point screening questionnaire to examine not only executive function but also orientation, memory, and attention) [27] and Cognitive Disorders Examination (Codex) (an ML-based assessment tool that combines a decision tree with the MMSE test and the clock drawing test to diagnose dementia.…”