<p class="Body"><strong>Development and life history parameters of <em>Typhlodromus recki</em> (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> (Acari: Tetranychidae) at different temperatures</strong></p>

Abstract

Typhlodromus recki (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was collected from aubergines, pepper, black nightshade and jimsonweed plants infested with spider mites from a pesticide-free vegetable garden in Denizli, Turkey. The biology and life table parameters for T. recki feeding on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) were determined. The results showed that total preadult periods of T. recki at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C were 19.6±0.51, 9.4±0.16, 7.6±0.14, 5.7±0.14 and 4.5±0.08 days, respectively. The longest oviposition period was 23.5 days at 20 °C. Total fecundity of T. recki significantly differed between the constant temperatures and the highest was observed at 20 °C (28.6 eggs/female) and 25°C (23.5 eggs/female). Although females survived for 26 days at 35 °C, only four females laid eggs for 1 day. Thus, 35 °C is not suitable for the reproduction of T. recki. Total longevity of female was the longest at 15°C (59.5 days) and 20 °C (51.3 days) whereas male total longevity was the longest at 15°C (53.2 days). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were numerically the highest at 30 °C (0.17 and 1.18 d-1), but there was no statistical difference observed between 25 and 30 °C for both r and λ values. The net productive rate was significantly highest at 20, 25 and 30 °C. The longest mean generation time occurred at 15 °C (42.6 days) and the shortest was at 35 °C (8.0 days). After some field trials, Typhlodromus recki could potentially be considered in the biological control agent of T. urticae.

Effect of temperature on the life history and development of Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a predator of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…The highest fecundity of T. athiasae in our study was observed as 17.20 (eggs/female) at 25°C, it decreased as temperature increased to 30°C. This is in agreement with data on fecundity of phytosiid mites in other studies like Gotoh et al (2004), Kasap & Şekeroğlu (2004), Park & Lee (2020), Ersin et al (2021). Mohamed (2017) and Moradi et al (2023) noted that mite fecundity was highest when temperature reached 30°C and that the fecundity values obtained at 25 and 30°C were always higher than at 20°C.…”

“…In our study, the highest net reproductive rate (R 0 = 8.90 offspring/individual), intrinsic rate of increase (r= 0.12 day -1 ) and finite rate of increase (λ= 1.13 day -1 ) of T. ahiase was statistically similar at 30°C, and 25°C. Similar to our results, Ersin et al (2021) reported no significant differences in the values of r and λ at 25 and 30°C, but it was significantly different at 20°C. Differently, the results of Kasap & Şekeroğlu (2004), Taj & Jung (2012), and Moradi et al (2023 showed that the values of r and λ were significant different at all temperatures tested.…”

“…Differently, the results of Kasap & Şekeroğlu (2004), Taj & Jung (2012), and Moradi et al (2023 showed that the values of r and λ were significant different at all temperatures tested. Also, although the highest number of R 0 in our results was obtained numerically at 25°C, no significant difference was observed in all tested temperatures, this is similar to results of de Vasconcelos et al (2008) and Ersin et al (2021).…”

“…Similar results have been reported by studies on other Typhlodromus and some phytoseiid species. These phytoseiid mites species can survive and develop even at extreme temperatures such as 15 and 35°C (Gotoh et al 2004; Li et al 2019; Ersin et al 2021); however, no development has been reported at temperatures below 15°C (de Vasconcelos et al 2008; Lee & Gillespie 2011). These results support that phytoseiid mites have wide temperature tolerances and are quite successful at more optimum temperatures.…”

“…Also, there were no significant differences among the temperatures except 20°C, similar to our results. For another species, Typhlodromus recki Wainstein (Acari: Phytoseiidae), the total preadult durations were 9.4, 7.6, 5.7 days at 20, 25 and 30°C but there were significant differences between all temperatures (Ersin et al 2021). Based on these results, it can be seen that the pre-adult durations of Typhlodromus species decreased significantly with increase in temperature from 20 to 30°C, even though different numerical results of the durations are reported.…”