Effect of temperature on the life history and development of Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a predator of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract

The present study determined the effects of different temperatures on the life history parameters and development of Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for the first time. The study was conducted at 20, 25 and 30°C and the predators fed on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. Our results show that temperature significantly affected pre-adult and adult durations of T. athiasae. The adult longevity was calculated as 47.90, 22.88, 19.50 days for females, 26.11, 19.90, 20.46 days for males at 20, 25 and 30°C, respectively. The adult females of T. athiasae laid 15.80 (eggs/female), 17.20 (eggs/female) and 12.38 (eggs/female) eggs at the respective temperatures tested. The highest net reproductive rate (R0= 8.90 offspring/individual) determined at 25°C but no significant difference was found among the other temperatures. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r= 0.12 day-1) was observed at 25°C and 30°C. Although the highest finite rate of increase (λ= 1.13 day-1) was determined at 25°C, no significant difference was observed between this temperature and 30°C. Also, the shortest mean generation time (T=14.97 day) was obtained at 30°C whereas the longest mean generation time (T=28.39 day) was observed at 20°C. Our results revealed that 25°C was more suitable for mass production even if the female and male of T. athiasae survived and reproduced at all temperatures. Consequently, our present results and the data to be obtained in greenhouse and field conditions will reveal the potential of T. athiasae as a biological control agent of T. urticae.