<i>In vitro</i> induction of regenerative and osteogenic activity of PDLSC cells

Abstract

The restoration of damaged tissues in periodontal diseases is not only a medical problem, but also a social one. Periodontal diseases often entail the loss of a large number of teeth (more than with any other disease of the dentition), as a result, a violation of the act of chewing and speech, a negative effect on the general condition of the body and, as a result, a decrease in the quality of human life. Purpose of the study: to study the regenerative activity of a lyophilized extract of a chicken embryo of various concentrations in the composition of hyaluronic acid in relation to the culture of PDLSC cells in an in vitro experiment. Comparison groups: A solution of 1% unmodified hyaluronic acid containing lyophilized chicken embryo extract in three concentrations: 300 μg/ml, 150 μg/ml, 75 μg/ml. As a control, 1% solution of unmodified hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance that is an important component of the extracellular matrix as a mineralized and non-mineralized tissue. Its use attracts the attention of specialists as an object capable of acquiring new properties with its various modifications. In our laboratory studies, stem cells from a culture of human periodontal disease were used. Periodontitis stem cells (PDLSC periodontal ligament) were discovered in 2004. Cell adhesion and tissue penetration were investigated by impedimetry. Analysis to assess cell viability was carried out using a solution containing a water-soluble tetrazolium salt. Differentiation of osteogenic direction without induction was measured three weeks after dilution of stem cells in traditional culture medium. Staining was carried out according to the Koss method. To assess mineralization, cells were stained with alizarin red, followed by assessment of calcium deposition in them. It was found that the resulting PDLSC cell population during the experiment was heterogeneous and showed healthy fibroblast morphology in all three study groups. Lyophilized extract of chicken embryo as part of a preparation based on hyaluronic acid does not significantly affect the survival and proliferation of PDLSC cells, however, at high concentrations (150 μg/ml and 300 μg/ml) it induces osteogenic activity of cells, increases mineralization without causing calcium deposition, which indicates regenerative activity. Osteogenic transdifferentiation is an attractive way to create cells of osteogenic cellular origin. The results of our study show that they can be used to model bone diseases.