<i>In vitro</i> efficacy of some indigenous plants on the inhibition of development of eggs of <i>Ascaridia galli</i> (Digenia: Nematoda)

Abstract

In vitro efficacy of five indigenous plants namely Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Korolla (Momordica charantia) and Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) were studied against the development of Ascaridia galli eggs from July 2007 to May 2008. Fresh juice, extracts and dust of leaves were tested. Fresh juice of leaves were trialed at 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations; aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts were used at 1%, 2% and 4% concentrations and dusts of leaves were applied at 10% and 20% concentration. Among the trials, 4% of methanol extracts of papaya showed the highest efficacy (92.86%) followed by 4% ethanol extract of papaya (92%). Among the selected plants and in all three concentrations of fresh juice of leave, Bishkatali (88.46% at 20% conc.) was the highest effective plant against the development of A. galli eggs. Papaya showed the highest efficacy (71.42%) in 1% aqueous solution, but bishkatali was found as the best (73.33% and 83.33% respectively) in 2% and 4% concentration of ethanol extract of the five selected plants. In vitro screening of 5 plants with ethanol extract revealed that papaya was the highest efficacious plant (92% at 4% conc.) against development of A. galli eggs. Among the plants, in all concentrations of methanol extract of leaves, papaya was observed as best plant (92.86%, 88% and 78.95% at 4%, 2% and 1% of conc. respectively) followed by bishkatali (80% and 75% at 4% and 2% of conc. respectively) and neem (78.57% and 73.08% at 4% and 2% conc. respectively). In two concentrations of dust of leaves, bishkatali was observed as the effective plant (75% at 20% and 73.33% at 10% conc.) among the five plants. The present study suggests that dust of bishkatali leaves can be used with litter for inhibition of development of A. galli eggs and fresh juice and extract of bishkatali, neem and papaya may be impregnated in litter and used after sun dry.

The Administration of Garlic Extract on Eimeria stiedai Oocysts and the Hematological Profile of the Coccidia Infected Rabbits

“…The extract was further evaporated in a waterbath to produce a concentrated extract. The concentrated extract was then stored at the temperature of 5°C and ready to use (Islam et al, 2008;Iqbal et al, 2013;Indrasanti et al, 2015).…”

Botanicals: a natural approach to control ascaridiosis in poultry

“…Particularly, fresh juice (at 5, 10 and 20%), aqueous extract (at 1, 2 and 4%), ethanol extract (at 1, 2 and 4%), methanol extract (at 1, 2 and 4%), and powder (at 10 and 20%) of leaves of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Momordica charantia, Polygonum hydropiper, and Swietenia macrophylla inhibited the development of A. galli eggs, with C. papaya showing the highest efficacy 92% when the concentration was 4% (Islam et al, 2008). Another experiment using larvae development assays of A. galli revealed that different types of extracts (hexane; ethylacetate; acetone; methanol; chloroform) of Aloe secundiflora at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 50 mg/ml have inhibitory effects on the parasite's development (Kaingu et al, 2013).…”

“…In addition, Kaushik et al (1981) Alcohol extract at 25 mg/ml Alcohol extract at 10 mg/ml Alcohol extract at 200 mg/ml Alcohol extract at 100 mg/ml Paralysis; Death (Lal et al, 1976) Cleome viscosa Seeds Crude alcohol and aqueous extracts at 10, 50 and 100 mg/ml Paralysis; Death (Mali et al, 2007) Thespesia lampas Roots Aqueous extracts at 10, 20 and 50 mg/ml. Paralysis; Death (Kosalge and Fursule, 2009) Inhibition of egg development (Islam et al, 2008) Aloe secundiflora Leaves Hexane, ethylacetate, acetone, methanol, and chloroform extracts at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 50 mg/ml Inhibition of larvae development (Kaingu et al, 2013) or alcohol distillation, extraction with non-aqueous solvents, etc.) can modify the active substances and associated compounds in the final product (Tariq et al, 2009;Windisch et al, 2009).…”

Histopathological Changes of Egg Cells in the Uterine of Ascaridia galli after Treatment with Extract of Veitchia merrillii Nuts

“…Ekstrak daun A. indica (Khokon et al, 2004;Saha et al, 2015), ekstrak Curcuma longa (Alrubaie, 2015), ekstrak etanol kulit buah jeruk (Abdelqader et al, 2012), ekstrak daun Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper) (Islam et al, 2008) mempercepat waktu paralisis dan mortalitas A. galli secara in vitro. Lalchhandama et al (2009) dan Roy et al (2012) …”