<i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>Cyclospora</i> infection transmission by swimming

Abstract

Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium are obligate, intracellular, coccidian protozoa that cause selflimited diarrhoea in immunocompetent and prolonged diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients. This is the first case of coccidia infection acquired after swimming in a swimming pool in Nepal. This study describes the chronological evidence of these coccidia infections in a Nepalese swimmer with the possible epidemiological link of the environmental contamination in swimming pools in Kathmandu. It represents an important public health issue among the urban areas of the world.

When Micro Drives the Macro: A Fresh Look at Disease and its Massive Contributions in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya

“…Several outbreaks of coccidiosis with high morbidity and about 4% CFR have been reported in chicken in Nepal (DoAH 2015(DoAH , 2016a. Interestingly, the presence of one or more species of Eimeria, Isospora, Cyclospora, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Sarcocystis have been predominantly reported in the wild hosts like red panda, rabbit, Hodgson's Giant Flying Squirrel (Petaurista magnificus), deer, yak, and in the humans (DoAH 2015(DoAH , 2016aLama et al 2015;Bista et al 2017;Koirala et al 2016;Achhami et al 2016;Byanju et al 2011;Ghimire et al , 2007Ghimire et al , 2010Ghimire 2010Ghimire , 2018. Among these coccidia, toxoplasmosis has been predominantly reported in humans and domestic animals like sheep and goats showing the possibility of infection with meat-eating habits and cat-rearing situations in the country (Subedi et al 2018;Rai et al 1996Rai et al , 1999Sah et al 2017).…”

Toxoplasmagondii oocysts, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in outdoor swimming pools in Brazil

“…Swimming is one of the favourite leisure activities of people in tropical countries, especially during the warmer seasons. However, this practice can expose people to a variety of infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and pathogenic protozoa that may be present in the water (Ghimire, Ghimire, Shaku, & Mishra, 2010;Lam, Sivaramalingam, & Gangodawilage, 2014).…”