<i>Campylobacter</i> spp. prevalence and fluoroquinolone resistance in chicken layer farms

Abstract

Chicken is a major source of human campylobacteriosis. Chicken meat originates not only from broilers but also from spent layers; however, few reports have reported the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in layers in Japan. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in 47 layer farms in Japan. Fecal samples were collected from the youngest and oldest flocks on the farm, and Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 46/47 (97.9%) farms. Among the C. jejuni isolates, the resistance rates to ampicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin were 29.6%, 22.2%, and 19.8%, respectively. The ciprofloxacin resistance rate (7.3%) in C. jejuni isolated from old flocks was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than that in young flocks (32.5%).

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from enteritis patients in Japan

“…Of the nine ST21 isolates obtained in the present study, six (66.7%) were also resistant to these three antimicrobials. Moreover, we reported that the two most abundant STs in C. jejuni isolated from Japanese layer flocks are ST4389 (eight isolates) and ST6704 (seven isolates), and 93.3% (14/15) of them are ampicillin-resistant [ 32 ]. In that study, two ST354 and two ST918 isolates were obtained from layer flocks, of which 75.0% (3/4) were susceptible to all the tested antimicrobials.…”

“…Asakura et al [ 3 ] reported ST22 as the most prevalent ST in C. jejuni isolated from human campylobacteriosis cases in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, between 2010 and 2011. In contrast, ST22 C. jejuni is less abundant in cattle and poultry [ 2 , 30 , 32 , 33 ]. Thus, humans might exhibit enteritis easily when infected with ST22, compared to that with other STs.…”

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Laying Hens Housed in Different Rearing Systems

“…This may explain why the incidence of infection can be high in laying hen farms. Infection rates of 70% [ 40 ], 90% [ 41 ], 97.9% [ 42 ] and up to 100% [ 43 ] have been reported in hen flocks from different countries, although lower incidence rates are also reported in the literature [ 38 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Several factors may influence the incidence of infection in poultry farms, and different fomites such as rodents, wild birds, visitors, equipment, drinking water and flies may carry the germ to flocks [ 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> in layer flocks in Honshu, Japan

“…We recently reported that Campylobacter prevalence in layer flocks was 84.0%; C. jejuni ST4389 was the most frequent sequence type, and ciprofloxacin resistance was 19.8% [ 33 ]. In this study, we found elevated intra-flock Campylobacter prevalence (80.0%) and mean concentration (5.2 log 10 CFU/g) in cecal contents from Campylobacter -positive flocks at the time of slaughtering.…”

“…However, ampicillin is excluded from this ban because the concentration of ampicillin residue in chicken eggs during and after administration does not exceed the maximum allowed (0.01 mg/kg) [ 10 ]. Therefore, ampicillin can be used in layers more easily and safely than other antimicrobials, which in turn may favor the selection of ampicillin-resistant C. jejuni in layer farms [ 33 ].…”