<em>HOXA11-AS</em>: a novel regulator in human cancer proliferation and metastasis

Abstract

Multiple studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs extensively participate in human cancer proliferation and metastasis. Epigenetic modification, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms are involved in lncRNA-led tumorigenesis and transfer. Recently, a novel identified homeobox (HOX) A11 antisense lncRNA, HOXA11-AS, 1,628 bp in length, has been excessively highlighted to be an essential initiator and facilitator in the process of malignant tumor proliferation and metastasis. As found in many reports, HOXA11-AS can not only act as a molecular scaffold of PRC2, LSD1 and DNMT1 to epigenetically modify chromosomes in the nucleus but also occur as ceRNA competitively sponging miRNAs in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, HOXA11-AS may function as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the evolvement and mechanisms of HOXA11-AS in proliferation and metastasis of various human cancers.

LncRNA HOXA11‐AS regulates calcium oxalate crystal–induced renal inflammation via miR‐124‐3p/MCP‐1

“…20 However, two studies have ascribed a role to HOXA11-AS as a tumour suppressor gene in colorectal and epithelial ovarian cancer. 20 In addition, HOXA11-AS has been suggested to delay fracture healing by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. 12 Furthermore, in a recent research, HOXA11-AS has been reported to promote proliferation, migration and inflammation-related gene expression, thereby spurring inflammation in diabetic arteriosclerosis.…”

<p>High Tiam1 expression predicts positive lymphatic metastasis and worse survival in patients with malignant solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis</p>

“…First, metastasis is an essential hall marker of cancer and always leads to poor survival. [41][42][43] Numerous studies suggested that Tiam1 contributed to invasion and metastasis in various cancers, including osteosarcoma, 44 retinoblastoma, 45 gastric cancer, 46 CRC, [47][48][49][50][51] hepatocellular carcinoma, 25,52 breast cancer, 53 cholangiocarcinoma, 54 cervical cancer, 20 ovarian cancer, 55 nasopharyngeal cancer, 8,16 laryngeal cancer, 56 thyroid carcinoma, 57 nom-small cell lung cancer, 48 pancreatic cancer 6,58,59 and oral squamous cell carcinoma 27 Malliri et al reported that Tiam1 could facilitate E-cadherin-based adhesions between cancer cells in mouse intestinal tumors and human colon tumors, resulting in invasion and metastasis 60 Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process of enhancing cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. [28][29][30][31] Liu et al reported that Tiam1 overexpression could promote invasiveness and metastasis of thyroid carcinoma in vitro and in vivo by activating Wnt/EMT pathway 57 Similarly, Ding 6 and Yang et al 20 that Tiam1 overexpression could also boost invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and cervical cancer by inducing EMT.…”

The long non-coding RNA HOXA11-AS promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition by sponging miR-149-3p in Colorectal Cancer

“…Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in tumor growth and metastasis and are linked to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways or inactivation of tumor-suppressive signaling in the nucleus [4,5]. Although most functions of lncRNAs and miRNAs have not been clarified, recent evidence indicates that they are involved in the regulation of CRC proliferation and metastasis [6].…”