<b>Treatment of organic solid waste generated at agricultural research corporation via composting under natural and controlled conditions

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The study of composting technique becomes relevant to management of organic waste generated in an undertaking agricultural research. Therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the efficiency of stabilization of organic matter in two composting systems: controlled (plowings and irrigations fortnightly) and natural. It has been tested two piles (controlled and natural) during 120 days in four treatments: soy straw (T1), wheat straw (T2), tree pruning (T3), mixture of soy and wheat straw and tree pruning (T4) with organic residues from the recycling program + soybeans. There was monitoring of temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C, N, C/N ratio and reduction of mass and volume. In the controlled treatments, the thermophilic phase was lower, the moisture was in the ideal ratio for the process (with lower values in the natural treatments), and there was a decrease of 3-4 times of the values of EC and the higher reductions of mass and volume. In all treatments, the values of pH were neutral and the C/N ratio declined 37-50%, assuming final values of matured composts. It has been concluded that regardless of mixtures of waste, the controlled treatments, in the period of 120 days, were more efficient in stabilize the organic material.Keywords: organic residues from the recycling program, soybeans, wheat straw, soybean straw, pruning trees.Tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos gerados em instituto de pesquisa agropecuária via compostagem em condições natural e controlada RESUMO. O estudo da técnica de compostagem se torna relevante para gestão dos resíduos orgânicos gerados em um empreendimento de pesquisa agropecuária. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência da estabilização da matéria orgânica em dois sistemas de compostagem: controlado (revolvimentos e irrigação quinzenalmente) e natural. Foram testadas duas leiras (controlada e natural) durante 120 dias em quatro tratamentos: palha de soja (T1), palha de trigo (T2), poda de árvore (T3) mistura de palhas de soja e trigo com poda de árvore (T4) com resíduos orgânicos da coleta seletiva + grãos de soja. Monitorou-se temperatura, umidade, pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), C, N, relação C/N e redução de massa e volume. Nos tratamentos controlados a fase termófila foi menor, a umidade esteve na faixa ideal para o processo (valores abaixo nos naturais), houve diminuição de três a quatro vezes dos valores de CE e as maiores reduções de massa e volume. Em todos os tratamentos os valores de pH foram neutros e houve redução de 37 a 50% da relação C/N, assumindo valores finais de compostos maturados. Conclui-se que, independente da mistura de resíduos, os tratamentos controlados no período de 120 dias, foram mais eficientes em estabilizar a matéria orgânica.Palavras-chave: resíduos orgânicos da coleta seletiva, grãos de soja, palha de trigo, palha de soja, poda de árvores.

Impact of composting conditions on the nicotine degradation rate using nicotinophilic bacteria from tobacco waste

“…Briški et al (2003) reported that after 16 days of experiment the volume and mass of solid waste were reduced by about 50% in closed thermally insulated column reactors. Composting of various organic materials resulted in a mass reduction between 36.8 and 80.4% (Andrade et al 2018). Ayilara et al (2020) reported that composting remarkably reduces the amount of waste.…”

Optimizing Flame Retardancy and Durability of Melamine-Formaldehyde/Solid-Urban-Waste Composite Panels

“…As a consequence, recycling of wastes is nowadays rapidly growing as it is assumed to be the best approach for the reduction of environment pollution caused by landfill. In particular, compared to traditional disposal processes [ 9 ] which involved the incineration, landfill [ 10 , 11 ], or composting [ 12 ] of the waste, the proposed technology allows converting a waste to a source for the production of recycled panels. Based on their durability, OFMSW/melamine-formaldehyde recycled panels appear to be good candidates for outdoor applications [ 13 ], where they could replace lumber or plastic composites in residential outdoor products such as decks and furniture [ 4 , 14 , 15 ].…”