&lt;b&gt;Records of the Indian Pangolin (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae: &lt;I&gt;Manis crassicaudata&lt;/I&gt;) from Mansehra District, Pakistan&lt;/b&gt;

Mahmood, Tariq; Kanwal, Konish; Zaman, Iftikhar-Uz

doi:10.11609/jott.3314.10.2.11254-11261

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Pesticides are essential chemicals that are used to protect against crop damage and improve agricultural output. 1 The use of pesticides was introduced in the 1960s in Ethiopia to smallholder farmers through agricultural extension systems. The use of pesticides has shown steady growth and with the current development of the flower growing sector, average imports of pesticides have grown to over 2400 tons per annum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the negative effects of pesticide use in vegetable cultivation have been widely reported. 1 A great majority of pesticides are used for pest and vector control in farming areas, but many farming societies around Lake Ziway, Ethiopia are not adequately informed of the hazards related to pesticide usage. 3 Consequently, farmers use pesticides without knowledge of their impact on human health and the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small-scale Farmer Pesticide Knowledge and Practice and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health in Ethiopia

Mergia

Weldemariam

Eklo

et al. 2021

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background. Inappropriate use and application of pesticides in Ethiopia pose a major threat to the health of farmers and the environment. Objective. The present study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of small-scale vegetable farmers towards the use of pesticides in Ethiopia along the Lake Ziway watershed. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving a total of 210 farmers randomly selected during a period of pesticide application from a purposively selected village located in the immediate vicinity of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia. Data were generated through structured in-depth interviews and on-site observations on farms. A Chi-square test was applied to evaluate whether the collected data and their probable associations were significant. Results. World Health Organization (WHO) class II pesticides (moderately toxic) were the most frequently used pesticides in the study area. There was no reported use of WHO classes 1a and 1b and banned or restricted pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and endosulfan. Most (92%) farmers reported indiscriminately disposing of empty containers in the field, while 86.7% applied the leftover pesticides to other crops. More than 90% of small-scale farmers did not use any personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling pesticides. About 95% of farmers had poor knowledge regarding pesticides. A significant association (p < 0.001) was observed between the knowledge of farmers and their practices related to pesticides. Conclusions. Generally, the knowledge of small-scale farmers on pesticides was poor. Moreover, the inappropriate disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers poses a risk to the environment. The findings of the present study underline the need to train farmers concerning the safe and proper use of pesticides to mitigate hazards to human health and the environment. Participant Consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. The study was granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval from the Hawassa University College of Natural and Computational Science, Research and Review Committee. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale Farmer Pesticide Knowledge and Practice and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health in Ethiopia

Mergia

Weldemariam

Eklo

et al. 2021

Journal of Health and Pollution

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“…Mahmood et al 2015, low density (e.g. Mahmood et al 2014Mahmood et al , 2018 and specialised niche requirements (Ma et al 2017)] are also taken into account, the international trade of pangolins is now recognised as the most significant impediment for their conservation (Zhang et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A socio-economic survey of pangolin hunting in Assam, Northeast India

D’Cruze¹,

Singh²,

Mookerjee³

et al. 2018

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India has been identified as a source country for the illegal international trade in endangered pangolins, “scaly mammalian anteaters”, widely considered as the “world’s most trafficked mammal”. In this study, we investigated the involvement of hunters belonging principally to three locally prominent tribes (Biate, Dimasa and Karbi) in Assam State, Northeast India. Based on the results of interviews with 141 individuals, we conclude that all three tribal groups engaged in pangolin hunting between 2011 and 2016. Although pangolin meat is used locally, we found that hunters largely targeted pangolins for their scales and that substantial commercial gain via urban middlemen has now supplanted low-level traditional use as the primary driver for this activity. On average, each hunter captured one pangolin per year with the potential to earn 9,000 INR (135 USD) for a single animal (equating to approximately four months average income). The majority of hunters (89%) stated that pangolins were less abundant than they were five years ago, which suggests off-take is unsustainable. All hunters interviewed appeared to hunt pangolins occasionally, regardless of tribe, demography or income, which suggests that any mitigation strategy should focus on rural hunters. Whilst interventions to reduce poverty are no doubt required, we argue that such interventions alone are unlikely to be effective in reducing pangolin hunting. Rather, there is a need for co-ordinated packages of mutually reinforcing interventions to address this pangolin hunting in a more comprehensive manner. In particular, implementing a demand reduction strategy targeting urban consumers is urgently required.

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“…The species inhabits wide varieties of habitat and recorded from Indian subcontinent in both forested and non-forest areas (Roberts 1977;. Pangolins occurs in very low densities, few available studies estimating densities for various species of Pangolins suggests density of 0.0001 individual per km 2 for the Indian Pangolin, 0.001 individuals per km 2 for the Chinese Pangolin and 0.8 individuals per km 2 for the White-bellied Pangolin Phataginus tricuspis in Africa (Wu et al 2004;Akpona et al 2008;Mahmood et al 2014Mahmood et al , 2018.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the Indian Pangolins in their habitat were killed due to the belief that they dig up graves and pull out the buried dead bodies. In addition, farmers kill the animal allegedly for damaging their crops and agricultural lands by digging the burrows (Mahmood et al 2018).…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

First photographic evidence and distribution of the Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India

Singh¹,

Bhardwaj

Gokulakannan

et al. 2021

J. Threat. Taxa

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The Indian Pangolin, although considered to be widely distributed due to its elusive nature and low detection probability its status and distribution records are very limited. Rampant hunting for local consumption, and illegal wildlife trade for medicinal and ornamental purposes has pushed the species towards serious decline. Herein, we report the first photographic records of the Indian Pangolin in Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR), Rajasthan, India. During our camera trapping study from June 2018 to April 2019, out of 29,220 camera trapping nights the species was recorded on four occasions, at two different locations in STR. The species was recorded in the open forest areas near natural water bodies situated in the middle of dense Anogeissus pendula forests.

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<b>Records of the Indian Pangolin (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae: <I>Manis crassicaudata</I>) from Mansehra District, Pakistan</b>

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Small-scale Farmer Pesticide Knowledge and Practice and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health in Ethiopia

Small-scale Farmer Pesticide Knowledge and Practice and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health in Ethiopia

A socio-economic survey of pangolin hunting in Assam, Northeast India

First photographic evidence and distribution of the Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India

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