Abstract:ABSTRACT. Phenology and phyllochron are parameters that help in characterizing vegetal growth and development. This study is an evaluation of the performance of the vernalized and non-vernalized Albion strawberry cultivar in relation to phenology and phyllochron in substrate. The experiments were developed in the greenhouse of the Horticulture Sector of the Universidade de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State. The plants were placed in bags spread over wooden benches and filled with substrate formed by carboni… Show more
“…According to Costa, Calvete, Mendonça & de Costa (2014), mention that greater productivity in its cultivation is related to the number of cold hours that strawberry plants receive.…”
Strawberry production in Paraguay is carried out by small producers, using minimal technology and obtaining low productivity, with the need to expand strawberry genotypes and production techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate fruit quality of strawberry genotypes according to vernalization. A randomized block design with factorial arrangement 14x2 was performed; factors were genotypes and chilling using 15 plants per treatment and three replicates. Plants were kept in cold room at 5°C, with 8 hours of artificial light and 16 of darkness for a period of 25 days. Five fruits were used per treatment and were evaluated as follows: the amount of total soluble solids, titratable acidity and ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity, length/diameter ratio, calyx diameter/fruit diameter ratio, peduncle length and mass loss in postharvest. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance simple factorial scheme and averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Vernalization of strawberry plants did not affect fruit shape or total soluble solids content, but increased the percentage of citric acid. Length of peduncle and calix extension had achieved an increasing due to vernalization and decreased postharvest loss of fresh mass, but did not affect fruit preservation at 5°C. Festival and Florida Eliane genotypes may be recommended for in natura consumption and Dover and Oso Grande genotypes for industry.Key-words: Citric acid; mass loss; temperature; total soluble solids; titratable acidity.
ResumenLa producción de frutilla en Paraguay es realizada por pequeños productores, usando escasa tecnología y obtención de baja productividad, con la necesidad de ampliar los genotipos y la tecnología utilizada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad de frutos de genotipos de frutilla en función a la vernalización. El diseño utilizado fue el de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 14x2. Los factores estuvieron constituidos por los genotipos y la vernalización con 15 plantas por tratamiento y tres repeticiones. Las mudas fueron mantenidas en cámara fría a 5°C, con 8 horas luz artificial y 16 de oscuridad por un periodo de 25 días. Se utilizaron cinco frutos por tratamiento y fueron evaluadas la cantidad de sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, relación de sólidos solubles totales con acidez titulable, relación longitud/diámetro, relación: diámetro del cáliz/diámetro del fruto, longitud del pedúnculo y pérdida de masa en postcosecha. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza en esquema factorial simple y las medias comparadas por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error. La vernalización de las mudas no afectó la forma de los frutos de frutilla ni el contenido de sólidos solubles totales, pero aumentó el porcentaje de ácido cítrico. Así mismo, aumentaron la longitud del pedúnculo de la planta y la extensión del cáliz del fruto. Por otro lado, la vernalización disminuyó la pérdida postcosecha de masa fresca, pero no afectó la conservación de ...
“…According to Costa, Calvete, Mendonça & de Costa (2014), mention that greater productivity in its cultivation is related to the number of cold hours that strawberry plants receive.…”
Strawberry production in Paraguay is carried out by small producers, using minimal technology and obtaining low productivity, with the need to expand strawberry genotypes and production techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate fruit quality of strawberry genotypes according to vernalization. A randomized block design with factorial arrangement 14x2 was performed; factors were genotypes and chilling using 15 plants per treatment and three replicates. Plants were kept in cold room at 5°C, with 8 hours of artificial light and 16 of darkness for a period of 25 days. Five fruits were used per treatment and were evaluated as follows: the amount of total soluble solids, titratable acidity and ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity, length/diameter ratio, calyx diameter/fruit diameter ratio, peduncle length and mass loss in postharvest. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance simple factorial scheme and averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Vernalization of strawberry plants did not affect fruit shape or total soluble solids content, but increased the percentage of citric acid. Length of peduncle and calix extension had achieved an increasing due to vernalization and decreased postharvest loss of fresh mass, but did not affect fruit preservation at 5°C. Festival and Florida Eliane genotypes may be recommended for in natura consumption and Dover and Oso Grande genotypes for industry.Key-words: Citric acid; mass loss; temperature; total soluble solids; titratable acidity.
ResumenLa producción de frutilla en Paraguay es realizada por pequeños productores, usando escasa tecnología y obtención de baja productividad, con la necesidad de ampliar los genotipos y la tecnología utilizada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad de frutos de genotipos de frutilla en función a la vernalización. El diseño utilizado fue el de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 14x2. Los factores estuvieron constituidos por los genotipos y la vernalización con 15 plantas por tratamiento y tres repeticiones. Las mudas fueron mantenidas en cámara fría a 5°C, con 8 horas luz artificial y 16 de oscuridad por un periodo de 25 días. Se utilizaron cinco frutos por tratamiento y fueron evaluadas la cantidad de sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, relación de sólidos solubles totales con acidez titulable, relación longitud/diámetro, relación: diámetro del cáliz/diámetro del fruto, longitud del pedúnculo y pérdida de masa en postcosecha. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza en esquema factorial simple y las medias comparadas por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error. La vernalización de las mudas no afectó la forma de los frutos de frutilla ni el contenido de sólidos solubles totales, pero aumentó el porcentaje de ácido cítrico. Así mismo, aumentaron la longitud del pedúnculo de la planta y la extensión del cáliz del fruto. Por otro lado, la vernalización disminuyó la pérdida postcosecha de masa fresca, pero no afectó la conservación de ...
“…According to the results, it is possible to observe the importance of cold hours that neutral day seedlings received during nursery stage, since 'Albion' seedlings from Chile presented lower phyllochron values when compared to seedlings from Pelotas, which presented higher leaf emission ratio. In this sense, at vernalization is a factor that affects strawberry development, which is in accordance COSTA et al (2014), and can confer anticipation of the culture cycle, and RONQUE (1998) related the crop yield with the number of cold hours received by seedlings at the nursery.…”
The aim of this study was to determine phyllochron in strawberry cultivars, from two origins during two crop years, conducted in low tunnel. Experiments were conducted at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus Frederico Westphalen (CESNORS/UFSM), Brazil, evaluating 'Camarosa', 'Camino Real' and 'Albion' strawberry
“…A strategy to increase the floral differentiation and increase fruit production may be seen in the artificial vernalization of seedlings. This practice provides artificial conditions of temperature, with an aim to stimulate the differentiation of flower (Costa et al, 2014). In addition, imported strawberry seedlings are expensive and result in higher total costs of crop production when compared to the national seedlings.…”
To obtain the best productive performances strawberry plants require an accumulation of cold hours which varies by cultivar; this project evaluated phyllochron, the quality and fruit production from vernalized and non-vernalized seedlings of the strawberry cultivars Albion and Camarosa. The treatments consisted of seedling vernalized before planting for 200 cold hours in a cold chamber with temperatures 4.0 ºC. Seedlings in the control treatments were not vernalized and were transplanted directly after arrival. Phyllochron was evaluated (estimated by the inverse of the angular coefficient of the linear regression between the number of leaves in the main crown and the sum of thermal time accumulated for each transplanted seedling), in addition to production parameters (number of commercial fruits, number of non-commercial fruits, production of commercial and non-commercial fruits); and fruit quality (titratable acidity, total soluble solids and ratio titratable acidity/total soluble solids). The exposure of strawberry seedlings to vernalization treatments significantly affected productivity but did not affect leaf emission rates or quality of fruits, although these factors were different among cultivars. Camarosa showed greater leaf emission rates and higher productivity per plant and lower titratable acidity than Albion which may be related to genotypic acclimatization. Seedling vernalization is recommended because it results in greater fruit production. The cultivar with higher fruit production is Camarosa.
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